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Investissement industriel et croissance de l'économie française

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  • Alain Cotta

Abstract

[fre] Le débat sur l'ampleur de l'effort à consacrer à la Formation brute de capital fixe (FBCF) et, en particulier, à l'investissement industriel n'a pas cessé d'être plus passionnel qu'objectif depuis près de quinze ans. Il était apparu à l'auteur, voici une dizaine d'années, que l'effort d'investissement dans la société française était très élevé et, sans doute, indissociable d'un certain nombre de tensions sociales et par là même, de l'accélération de l'inflation en France.. Plus de dix ans après, alors que le second choc pétrolier n'a pas été absorbé par l'économie française et que la nationalisation de la plupart des grands groupes industriels a eu lieu, la position de l'auteur est différente. On ne saurait incriminer l'importance actuelle de la FBCF d'être intimement liée au prolongement d'une inflation absolue et relative dont les nombreuses raisons sont, à l'évidence, « ailleurs ». De plus et surtout, notre adaptation au second choc pétrolier successif à l'argument utilisé, la baisse du taux de FBCF comme instrument essentiel de la réduction de la demande interne. Ce phénomène s'est accentué depuis 1981. Or la France a désormais besoin de réduire son déficit extérieur et ne peut songer y .parvenir sans accroître l'importance de son investissement industriel. L'effort supplémentaire requis paraît être de l'ordre de 1 % de la PIB, soit entre 30 et 40 milliards de francs. L'analyse du passé, l'insistance renouvelée mise par les pouvoirs publics actuels à isoler totalement le marché financier français du reste du monde, inclinent à penser qu'il n'y a pas de réels problèmes de financement d'un effort supplémentaire consacré à l'investissement industriel. [eng] Now that — more than ten years later — the second oil-shock has yet to be absorbed by the French economy and mort major industrial groups have been nationalized, the author's stance has changea. Continued inflation, in both absolute and comparative terms, can hardly be blamed on the current high level of GFCF ; obviously, the many reasons for this situation are to be found « elsewhere ». Major new developments since the case was first argued, have been : our adaptation to the second oil-shock and a fall in the rate of GFCF, as the chief instrument for cutting domestic demand. The process has intensified since 1981. Clearly, France now needs to reduce her trade deficit and this can only be achieved through «an increase in the amount for her industrial investment. The size of the necessary incremental outlay seems to be in the region of 1 percent of GDP, i.e. between 30 and 40 billions francs. Both past experience and the persistence of present government officials in tightly sealing off the French capital market suggest that there are no real problems in financing an additional outlay on industrial investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Cotta, 1983. "Investissement industriel et croissance de l'économie française," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 34(4), pages 691-731.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1983_num_34_4_408735
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