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Les deux crises des années 1930 et des années 1970. Une analyse en sections productives dans le cas de l'économie française

Author

Listed:
  • Jacques Mazier
  • Hugues Bertrand
  • Yves Picaud
  • Gérard Podevin

Abstract

[fre] Le présent article est une analyse des modalités de la reproduction de l'économie française en longue période (1900-1974), à partir d'une approche distinguant deux grandes sections productives, celle des biens d'équipement (S1) et celle des biens de consommation (S2). Après un rappel méthodologique, les différences existant entre les régimes d'accumulation des années 1920 et des années 1960 sont analysées. Durant les années 1920, on observe une auto-accumulation de la section S1 des biens d'équipement, les investissements de la section S1 assurant pratiquement seuls une extension des débouchés de cette même section, ceci en raison du caractère limité des transformations intervenant dans la section S2 des biens de consommation. A l'inverse, le mode de croissance de l'après-guerre est marqué par l'importance des transformations des conditions de production dans S2, ce qui permet d'assurer une articulation très solide entre les deux sections, et le développement du régime d'accumulation intensive correspondant. La crise des années 1930 présente dès lors un double aspect : elle apparaît tout d'abord comme une crise liée à l'auto-accumulation de la section S1 et aux déséquilibres qui en ont résulté. Elle renvoie par ailleurs à des contradictions plus profondes, bien que plus potentielles, c'est-à-dire aux divers blocages qui ont empêché que le fordisme ne connaisse un véritable essor.. La crise actuelle correspond au contraire à un dérèglement progressif du régime d'accumulation intensive de l'après-guerre sous les effets conjoints de trois facteurs : l'affaiblissement de transformations qui intervenaient dans la section S2 ; la montée des luttes sociales qui est venue aggraver les problèmes de rentabilité déjà sensibles avec l'alourdissement des processus de production ; l'internationalisation croissante de l'économie française, à partir de la fin des années 1960, qui a remis en cause la logique du fonctionnement d'ensemble du système. [eng] thus provided practically by the investments alone and this because of the very few changes that took place in the department S2 (goods of consumption). Inversely the growth of the post-war years is marked by the gradual introduction of a mode of intensive accumulation and by considerable changes in the conditions of production, which developed a very strong articulation between the two departments.. The thirties' crisis thus presents a double aspect : first of all it appears as a crisis linked to the self-accumulation of thé department S1 and to the resulting desequilibrium ; on the other hand it shows far deeper, contradictions i.e. the different braking mechanisms that prevented Fordism reaching a climax early-on. The present crisis corresponds to a graduai fatture of the regime of intensive accumulation of the post-war years, due to the joint effects of three factors : changes of a more and more minor character in the department S2 ; an increase of the social struggles further aggravating the problems of profitability which had already arisen as a result of the increasingly cumbersome processes of production; a French Economy more and more internationally-biased since the late nineteen sixties, and which has caused the logical functioning of the system as a whole to be queried.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacques Mazier & Hugues Bertrand & Yves Picaud & Gérard Podevin, 1982. "Les deux crises des années 1930 et des années 1970. Une analyse en sections productives dans le cas de l'économie française," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 33(2), pages 234-273.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1982_num_33_2_408651
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1982.408651
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1982.408651
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maurice Baslé & Jacques Mazier & Jean-François Vidal, 1979. "Croissance sectorielle et accumulation en longue période," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(1), pages 3-51.
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