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Espérance de vie active, reprise d'activité féminine : un modèle

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  • Nicolas Brouard

Abstract

[fre] La durée moyenne de la vie active d'une femme a atteint son maximum après la seconde guerre mondiale et est redescendue au niveau des années 1936. Ce genre de résultats que fournit une table dite « de vie active », ne peut être obtenu pour les femmes car la construction d'une telle table n'autorise pas d'entrées et de sorties multiples de l'activité économique. Des statistiques récentes sur la mobilité par âge, permettent d'établir des modèles qui en tiennent compte. Ces modèles qui s'apparentent à des processus dits de Markov inhomogènes, fournissent entre autres résultats des indications sur les reprises d'activité féminine, leurs nombres et leurs durées. Ils permettent aussi d'établir des projections de l'activité féminine en cumulant les tendances (reprises d'activité entre 30 et 50 ans et prises de retraite plus précoces) observées sur un même échantillon de femmes. La validité du modèle dépend de l'inertie dans le temps des probabilités de passage d'un état d'activité à un autre, observées sur quelques années seulement. Des rétroprojec­tions dans le passé des taux d'activité avec confrontation avec la réalité observée, montrent alors que les indices calculés peuvent être des indices conjoncturels de la population active. Enfin des phénomènes de convergence et de stabilité inhérents à tout modèle sont discutés. [eng] Economically active life expectancy, revival of female activity : a model. Nicolas Brouard. The peak of average duration of economic activity amongst women was reached after the Second World War before decreasing thereafter to the 1936 level. This type of resuit, provided by the so-called « active life » table, cannot be obtained for wornen since the construction of such a table cannot encompasst multiple entriez into and departures from economic activity. Models which take this into consideration can be constructed by means of recent statistics on mobility by age. These models, which resemble the procedures known as non-homogeneous Markov procedures, provide inter alia details on the re-entering of active life, the numbers so doing and the duration thereof. They also permit the construction of projections of female activity by cumulating the trends (re-entering active life between SO and 50 years old and earlier retirement) observed amongst the same sample of women. The model's validity dépends on the inertia over time of the probabilities of progressing from one state of activity to another, as observed over several years only. On confronting the retroprojections into the past of the activity rates with the observed reality, it is shown that the indices calculated can be indices of the movement of the active population. Finally, the phenomena of convergence and stability inherent to any model are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolas Brouard, 1980. "Espérance de vie active, reprise d'activité féminine : un modèle," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(6), pages 1260-1287.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_6_408577
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1980.408577
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1980.408577
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