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Société industrielle et durabilité des biens de consommation

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  • Jean-Pierre Dupuy
  • François Gérin

Abstract

[eng] Industrial society and the durability of consumer goods. . The reduction in the durability of consumer goods appears to be both a necessary condition for the reproduction of our economic system and a major source of the notorious malaise in industrial societies : amidst its unfortunate consequences fall inflation, pollution and disfigurement of the natural environment through massive production of waste, impairment of the symbolic qualify of our surroundings, etc. It is shown that this phenomenon is nor the reflection of an alleged general taste for change ― which would be a miracle since, it coincides with the "necessities" of economic development ― neither the price paid by the consumer to satisfy the manufacturer's appetite for profit ; but the by-product of a culture, just like scarcity, inequality, constant frustration, the breakdown of man's traditional communion with his environment.. The concept of psychological obsolescence is central in the analysis which is developed here. It gives rise to paradoxical or perverse mechanisms in the realm of consumption as well as production, which are an affront to common sense.. The paper comprises a main text of general import, interspersed with illustrations relating to two specific cases : the motor car and drugs. [fre] La réduction de la longévité des biens de consommation apparaît tout à la fois comme une condition nécessaire à la reproduction de notre système économique et comme une source majeure du fameux malaise des sociétés industrielles : parmi ses conséquences néfastes, il faut classer l'inflation, la pollution et l'enlaidissement du milieu naturel par production massive de déchets, les rythmes fratricides pesant en particulier sur la sécurité de l'emploi, la dégradation de la qualité symbolique du cadre de vie, etc.. On montre que ce phénomène n'est ni la traduction d'un prétendu goût général pour le changement, goût miraculeux puisqu'il irait dans le même sens que les « nécessités » du développement économique ; ni le prix payé par les consom­mateurs pour que l'appétit de profit des producteurs puisse trouver de quoi se satisfaire ; mais le sous-produit d'une culture, au même titre que la rareté, les inégalités, les frustrations sans cesse renouvelées. Le concept d'obsolescence psychologique est central à l'analyse proposée. Sur lui se greffent des mécanismes dans le domaine de la consommation comme dans celui de la production qui défient les évidences du sens commun.. L'article comprend un texte principal de portée générale, dans lequel on a intercalé des illustrations qui concernent deux cas précis : l'automobile et le médicament.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Dupuy & François Gérin, 1975. "Société industrielle et durabilité des biens de consommation," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(3), pages 410-446.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1975_num_26_3_408212
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1975.408212
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1975.408212
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