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Une analyse économique de la disparité inter-ethnique des revenus

Author

Listed:
  • Gérald Marion
  • André Raynauld

Abstract

[fre] Dans cet article, les auteurs appliquent la théorie du commerce international à l'explication des disparités de revenu entre les groupes anglophones et francophones au Québec. On postule que les Canadiens francophones (groupe ethnique F) et les Canadiens anglophones d'origine britannique (groupe B) forment deux entités économiques distinctes. Dès lors, l'analyse de la maximation et de la répartition des revenus entre eux peut être effectuée, par analogie, comme celle de pays différents à partir de la théorie du commerce international.. En vue de l'application de cette théorie, les auteurs font ressortir d'abord deux conditions au commerce. En premier lieu, les deux groupes B et F doivent posséder des stocks de capital et de travail dans des proportions différentes. La seconde condition se rapporte aux objectifs poursuivis. On sait que selon la théorie du commerce international, si les échanges s'effectuent jusqu'à ce que le rendement marginal sur chacun des facteurs soit égalisé entre les pays, la production de l'univers sera maximum. De même en est-il des échanges entre les groupes ethniques au sein d'un pays. La production ou le revenu du pays sera maximum si les échanges entre groupes ethniques s'effectuent jusqu'à ce que les revenus des détenteurs de facteurs de production soient maximum. Mais la maximation du revenu total de l'ensemble du pays ne signifie pas que le revenu de chaque groupe ethnique est le plus élevé possible. Dès lors, les agents économiques d'un groupe ethnique peuvent rejeter l'objectif de la maximation du revenu du pays pour maximer plutôt le revenu de leur propre groupe ethnique. Ce sont ces diverses hypothèses que les auteurs utilisent afin de trouver une explication à l'inégalité des revenus.. Ainsi, les auteurs présentent d'abord un modèle des échanges entre les groupes ethniques. Ensuite, à partir des quantités de stock de travail et de capital qui existent au Québec, ils en tirent les taux relatifs de la rémunération du travail et du capital dans les secteurs francophones et anglophones. Enfin, ils confrontent les résultats des calculs aux données de l'observation. [eng] Economic analysis of the income distribution between ethnic croups. The object of this paper is to apply the optimum tariff theory to the study of the income distribution between ethnie groups in Quebec. Let us assume that there are a sector B and a sector F, each sector representing an ethnie group, which have different factor intensities, capital being the abundant factor in sector B and labour the abundant one in sector F. Then there will be exports of capital from sector B to sector F or exports of labour from sector F to sector B. As we know from international trade theory, it can be demonstrated that output for both sectors together will be maximised if capital or labour are exported until the rates of return are the same in the two sectors. But it may happen that one group of owners of factors of production tries to maximise thé income of its oivn sector. Then, the production of output of both sectors will not be maximised and the return to capital in sector B and the wage rates in sector F will be lower than it would otherwise be with the maximation of total output. What we have tried to do in this paper, is to test the hypothesis that limitation of trade between sector B and sector F may help to explain the inequalities of income in Quebec. So we first présent a model of trade between ethnie groups. Then, on the basis of the existing stock of capital and labour and using a Cobb-Douglass production function, we derive rates of return to capital and labour in both sectors B and F. Finally, we confront these theoretical rates with the real data.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérald Marion & André Raynauld, 1972. "Une analyse économique de la disparité inter-ethnique des revenus," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 23(1), pages 1-19.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1972_num_23_1_408007
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1972.408007
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1972.408007
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