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La planification de l'éducation en France : une critique

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  • Jean-Pierre Jallade

Abstract

[fre] Cet article présente une évaluation critique de la planification de l'éducation en France telle qu'elle a été pratiquée à l'occasion du Ve Plan. Les trois grands aspects de cette planification sont successivement analysés, à savoir (i) la détermination des besoins en main-d'œuvre qualifiée, (ii) le développement de l'offre de qualifications par le système d'enseignement, et (iii) la confrontation entre besoins et ressources en personnel qualifié. Il est montré que les hypothèses adoptées en ce qui concerne la prévision des besoins sont mal adaptées à la situation française et surtout sont impuissantes à remplacer certaines données statistiques inexistantes et pourtant indispensables à ce genre d'exercice. Quant au développement du système d'enseignement, les calculs de la Commission de l'Equipement scolaire, effectués en termes de stocks et non de flux, ne peuvent apporter que des enseignements marginaux sur le déroulement des carrières scolaires ou sur le rendement interne du système d'enseignement. Dans ces conditions, la mission de l'Intergroupe Formation - Promotion professionnelles, qui était de veiller à l'équilibre entre besoins et ressources, ne pouvait être que purement formelle. L'article se termine enfin par quelques suggestions visant à donner à l'effort de planification de l'éducation en France les dimensions qui devraient être les siennes. [eng] This article presents a critical evaluation of French educational planning as practiced in the 5th Plan (1966-70). The three main aspects of this planning effort are successively analyzed, namely, (i) the forecasts of qualified manpower requirements, (ii) the supply of skills by the educational system and (iii) the confrontation between requirements and resources of qualified man power. It is shown that the hypotheses adopted for the manpower forecasts do not fit in the French situation and, more specifically, are powerless to replace the lack of basic statistical data. Turning now to the development of the educational system, the calculations carried out by the « Commission de l'Equipement scolaire » in terms of stocks instead of flows are not very helpful to throw light on the school career patterns nor on the productivity of the educational system. Under these conditions it is claimed that the mission of the Intergroupe Formation ― Promotion professionnelles, which is supposed to look after the equilibrium between requirements and resources, was bound to be purely formal. The article ends with a few suggestions aimed at enlarging the scope of educational planning in France.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Jallade, 1971. "La planification de l'éducation en France : une critique," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(3), pages 450-475.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1971_num_22_3_407974
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