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Signification du principe d'efficience dans l'analyse théorique de la croissance économique

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  • Bernard Rosier

Abstract

[fre] L'analyse théorique de la croissance a vu se développer deux grands courants d'analyse sensiblement différents. Le premier, construit sur la base du modèle d'équilibre général néo-classique dont il retrouve la structure logique transposée dans un cadre inter-temporel, vise essentiellement à saisir le processus d'allocation efficiente des ressources et les conditions de régularité et d'équilibre de la croissance dans une structure économique définie. Le second courant, plus récent, s'est au contraire attaché à analyser prioritairement le changement technologique et ses effets sur les structures des économies en crois­sance, posant ainsi le problème de l'objectif et des choix stratégiques. Dans cette dernière perspective, certains auteurs en sont venus à éliminer les problèmes d'allocation optimale des ressources, mettant ainsi en cause le « principe d'effi­cience » qui constitue le centre logique de la première approche.. La présente étude part de la mise en évidence de cette divergence tant dans la pensée occidentale que dans celle des Pays de l'Est notamment à propos du grand débat sur l'industrialisation. Elle se propose alors : 1) d'en préciser la nature dans l'un et l'autre cadre ; 2) de délimiter la portée d'une remise en cause du principe d'efficience comme fondement logique de l'analyse théorique de la croissance ; 3) pour finalement rechercher les éléments théoriques de la conciliation de l'efficience instantanée et de l'efficience intertemporelle dans une économie décentralisée en croissance non balancée. [eng] Theoretical analysis of growth has developped tvvo noticeably different types of approach. The first of them, founded essentially on the neo-classical equilibrium model the logical structure of which it takes up after having transposed it into an inter-temporal framework, aims at grasping the process of efficient allocation of resources and the conditions for steady-state growth vvithin a definite economie structure. The second and more recent approach, on the contrary, concentrates primarily on analysing technological change and its effects on the structure of economies in the process of growth ; in doing so it raises the question of the aim and the strategie choices in order to reach it. According to this second approach some authors have ended by eliminating all problems of optimal allocation thus calling question the efficiency principle which is the central element of the rst approach The present study starts by underlining this divergence of approach in the western world as well as in Eastern countries with special reference to the great discussion on industrialisation Its first aim is precise definition of the nature of this divergence in both contexts It secondly tries to mark out the field of the consequences of this challenging of the efficiency principle as the logical basis of theoretical analysis of growth It finally searchs for the theoretical elements of conciliation between instantaneous efficiency and intertemporal effi ciency in decentralised economy following up non balanced growth

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Rosier, 1970. "Signification du principe d'efficience dans l'analyse théorique de la croissance économique," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(4), pages 597-634.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1970_num_21_4_407931
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1970.407931
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1970.407931
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