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Au-delà de la programmation dynamique

Author

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  • Jean-Marc Dethoor

Abstract

[fre] On peut assez aisément représenter l'imbrication des décisions de gestion au moyen de graphes séquentiels. L'algorithme de Bellman s'attache à déterminer le chemin optimal dans un tel graphe, mais cette méthode peut être raffinée de diverses manières, notamment en jumelant la programmation dynamique et les multiplicateurs de Lagrange ou encore par les méthodes S.E.P. (branch and bounds). Après une brève introduction montrant comment il est possible de formaliser l'enchaînement des décisions sous une forme graphique, mais sans rappeler ce qu'est la programmation dynamique, l'auteur souligne des limites de cette méthode, puis montre comment il est possible de les dépasser en prenant compte des fonctions de coût non additives comme le taux de rentabilité ou des contraintes exogènes (enveloppe budgétaire...). La procédure S.E.P. fait l'objet d'un rapide exposé méthodologique et d'exemples numériques didactiques. [eng] Imbrication of management decisions can readily be depicted by means of sequential graphs. Bellman's algorithm is concerned to define the optimal path for such a graph, but the method can be reflned in various ways, especially by bringing together dynamic programming and Lagrange's multipliers, or by using branch and bounds methods (S.E.P.). After a brief introduction showing how it is possible to express decision sequences in the form of a graph, but without going into explanations of what dynamic programming constitutes, the author stresses the limitations of the method and then shows how it is possible to get round them by taking non-additive cost functions into account such as the profit rate or exterior checks (budgetary envelope...). Branch and bounds procedure is the subject of a rapid methodological expose with mathematical illustrations.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marc Dethoor, 1969. "Au-delà de la programmation dynamique," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(3), pages 515-535.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1969_num_20_3_407872
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1969.407872
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1969.407872
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