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L'exploitation agricole individuelle en droit français et communautaire

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  • Joseph Hudault

Abstract

[fre] En dépit d'un développement important au cours de ces dernières années du phénomène sociétaire - notamment les GAEC, les EARL et les SCEA - l'exploitation agricole individuelle de type familial (qualifiée par certains d'« entreprise») constitue 85 % du nombre global des exploitations. Ce phénomène doit être interprété et surtout, puisqu'attachement il y a dans la mentalité agricole, au modèle d'exploitation défini par la loi d'Orientation agricole de 1960 (art. 2, structure d'exploitation de type familial, 2 uth) auquel ne retouche pas la dernière loi d'Orientation agricole de 1999, il convient de s'interroger une nouvelle fois sur l'utilité d'une reconnaissance statutaire de ce type majoritaire d'exploitation comme universalité juridique {univerersum jus). Il y a dans la jusrisprudence de la Cour de cassation quelques frémissements, non suivis d'effets. Il y en a aussi dans certains arrêts de la Cour de Luxembourg (CJCA). L'approche fiscale, préconisée par le Comité Européen de Droit Rural, semble être la meilleure pour apporter une solution à ce difficile problème, en faisant remplir discrètement au droit sa fonction d'orientation de la politique et de l'économie agricoles. [eng] INDIVIDUAL FAMILY TYPE AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS IN FRENCH AND EUROPEAN COMMUNITY . Despite an increasing shift towards different types of company holding over the past few years, in particular in the form of Gaecs (Groupement agricole d'exploitation commune), Earls (Exploitation agricole à responsabilité limitée) and Sceas (Société civile d'exploitation agricole), individual family type agricultural holdings (considered by some as undertakings) still make up 85 % of the total number of farms. This phenomenon needs to be analysed. Given the fact that farming mentalities remain attached to the farming model as laid down in the 1960 framework Agriculture Act (article 2, family type holding structure, 2 person-work units), which the most recent framework Agriculture Act (1999) has not modified, it would be appropriate to think again about the necessity of the recognition of a status with legal universality (universum jus) for this majority type of holding. Decisions handed down by the Highest French Court show small signs of change in several rulings of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. A fiscal approach, as recommended by the European Committee of Agricultural Law, appears to be best way of addressing this difficult problem, by discreetly enabling the law to serve as a framework for agricultural policy and economics.

Suggested Citation

  • Joseph Hudault, 2000. "L'exploitation agricole individuelle en droit français et communautaire," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 260(1), pages 90-96.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1113
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.2000.1113
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.2000.1113
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