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L'agriculture "hors" du rural ?

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  • Bernard Wolfer

Abstract

[fre] Le monde agricole s'est longtemps confondu avec le monde rural. Les agriculteurs s'estiment encore détenteurs de l'essentiel de la légitimité rurale. Cette légitimité ne va pourtant plus de soi. Il y a cent ans, l'agriculture occupait et nourrissait un monde essentiellement rural. Espace et activités agricoles et rurales s'entremêlaient : ouvriers, artisans, propriétaires fonciers et paysans éaient les acteurs solidaires et conflictuels d'une société aux multiples paysages, réels et symboliques. L'agriculture moderne a fait éclater cette société. L'agriculteur est devenu un entrepreneur produisant pour des marchés de plus en plus éloignés. Occupé à sa fonction productrice, il a abandonné nombre d'activités d'aménagement et d'entretien des territoires ruraux. Les agriculteurs sont minoritaires dans la population rurale. Les ruraux d'aujourd'hui (ouvriers de l'industrie, employés, cadres, retraités, résidents secondaires) ne partagent plus la culture, encore moins les intérêts des agriculteurs. Ces derniers, affranchis de la nécessité des solidarités locales, sont attentifs aux horizons du marché, moins à ceux du territoire. La rupture est difficile à reconnaître. Remembrements, érosions, pollutions, évolutions des paysages : ces sources de conflits ôtent aux agriculteurs une certaine légitimité à représenter le monde rural. Enfin le territoire rural est marqué par les pouvoirs, publics et privés. Bien que possesseurs majoritaires, les agriculteurs en maîtrisent de moins en moins l'avenir. [eng] Agriculture "out" of the rural ? . Agriculture has long been confused with the rural world. Farmers still estimate holders of the rural legitimacy. This legitimacy is no longer obvious. One hundred years ago, agriculture occupied and fed essentially rurals. Space, rural and agricultural activities intermingled : farmers, workers, artisans and land owners were interdependent actors of a society with various landscapes, real and symbolic. Modem agriculture has made burst this society. The farmer became an entrepreneur producing for larger markets. As producer, he abandoned maintenance activities of rural territories. Farmers are becoming a minority in the rural population. The present rurals (workers of industry, employees, pensioners, secondary residents) no longer share the culture, even less interest of farmers. These last are more attentive to the market's evolutions, less to these of the territory. The rupture is difficult to recognize. Regrouping of lands, erosions, pollutions, evolution of landscapes : these sources of conflicts subtract to farmers a certain legitimacy to represent the rural world. Finally the rural territory is marked by authorities, public or private. Although majority owners, farmers master less and less the future of the land.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Wolfer, 1997. "L'agriculture "hors" du rural ?," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 238(1), pages 38-43.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4856
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1997.4856
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1997.4856
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    Cited by:

    1. Pierre Daucé, 2000. "Développement et ruralité," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 255(1), pages 114-119.

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