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Le poids des campagnes au Sénat. Effets et problèmes de la surreprésentation rurale

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  • Jean Grangé

Abstract

[eng] The weight of rural areas in the french senate questionable effects and consequences arising from the rural over-representation . Three elements in the Senators' election system combine to warp the indirect suffrage system into a distorting mirror for the electorate that gives rural areas too much importance: the overwhelming preponderance of the French "communes" within the constituencies; unbalanced representation between rural and urban population which gravely affects the sociological image of over 75 % of the "départements"; and majority vote in the predominantly rural "départements" where the rural majority thus enjoys nearly total exclusiveness. Consequently there results a constant and oneway distortion of the Senate's political representativity which hardly helps carry out its regulating mission and sometimes even brings about serious malfunctioning in the bicameral system. As a matter of fact, the very nature of the senatorial institution should normally lead to a way of finding out a better-balanced and pluritarian representation system that would ensure right of expression for the various territorial, sociological and political parties and be better fitted to the specific function of the Senate while maintaining its most distinctive feature, i. e. the particular bond that exists between the Senators and France's rural population. [fre] Trois éléments du système d'élection des sénateurs concourent à dévoyer le suffrage indirect en un prisme déformant du corps électoral qui privilégie considérablement les milieux ruraux : la prépondérance absolue des communes au sein des collèges électoraux; l'inégalité de représentation des populations rurale et urbaine qui altère profondément l'image sociologique de plus des trois quarts des départements; le scrutin majoritaire dans les départements les plus ruraux où la majorité rurale bénéficie ainsi d'une quasi-exclusivité. Il en résulte une distorsion constante et à sens unique de la représentativité politique du Sénat, qui ne favorise guère l'exercice de sa mission de régulation et provoque même parfois de graves dysfonctionnements du bicamérisme. La logique de l'institution sénatoriale conduirait au contraire à rechercher un système représentatif plus équilibré et de type pluralitaire qui assurerait le droit d'expression des diverses composantes territoriales et du monde rural, et qui serait mieux adapté à la fonction spécifique du Sénat tout en maintenant son caractère distinctif : le lien particulier entre les sénateurs et le terroir.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Grangé, 1997. "Le poids des campagnes au Sénat. Effets et problèmes de la surreprésentation rurale," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 237(1), pages 22-26.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4839
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1997.4839
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1997.4839
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