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La politique agricole commune et les régions méditerranéennes : un point de vue italien

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  • Secondo Tarditi

Abstract

[eng] Common agricultural policy and mediterranean regions : an italian point of view . In Italy, as well as in other Mediterranean countries of the EC, average labour productivity in agriculture is very low often due to insufficient farm size. This inefficient production structure is a consequence of the traditional agricultural policy aiming all keeping a large number of people in the agricultural sector. Special support to small, inefficient farms contributed to keep a production structure permanently in need of public aid. By substantially reducing product price support, the CAP reform could allow the implementation of an efficient structural policy by increasing the intersectoral mobility of resources and favouring domestic and international economic development. In order to reach this objective, the modalities by which the reduction in farm income is compensated become of strategic importance : if compensation is computed every year and only on part of the farmed area, administrative costs and opportunities for fraud will be very high while structural adjustment will be hindered. On the other side, if compensation is computed only once for a pre-defined number of years and paid through bonds salable on the financial markets, administrative costs and frauds will be much lower and farmers would be provided with a means to increase their farm size or to invest in other non farm activities, favouring in such a way a larger occupational flexibility and both agricultural and non-agricultural economic development. [fre] L'agriculture italienne, comme celle d'autres pays méditerranéens de la Communauté Européenne, est caractérisée par une faible productivité moyenne du travail agricole, qui peut être attribuée souvent aux dimensions insuffisantes des exploitations. Cette inefficace structure de production est due à la traditionnelle politique agricole d'assistance dont le but était de maintenir l'emploi dans le secteur primaire. Les aides aux petites exploitations ont contribué à maintenir une structure de production qui a chroniquement besoin de l'aide publique. La réforme de la Politique Agricole Commune à travers une forte réduction du soutien des prix agricoles pourrait permettre une efficace politique structurelle et augmenter la mobilité intersectorielle des ressources en favorisant le développement économique national et international. A cette fin, les modalités adoptées pour compenser la réduction du revenu agricole sont très importantes : si ces compensations sont calculées chaque année et seulement sur une partie de la surface d'exploitation, elles constitueront une forte charge administrative, retarderont l'ajustement structural des entreprises et augmenteront les possibilités de fraude. Si elles sont calculées une fois pour toutes sur toute la surface cultivée et si elles sont concédées pour un nombre d'années déterminé, par le biais de titres de crédit susceptibles d'être commercialisés sur le marché financier, les charges administratives et les possibilités de fraude seront réduites, ces compensations fourniront à l'agriculteur un instrument pour agrandir son entreprise ou pour investir dans d'autres activités, favorisant ainsi une plus grande flexibilité d'emploi et le développement tant agricole qu'économique des zones rurales et de la collectivité dans son ensemble.

Suggested Citation

  • Secondo Tarditi, 1992. "La politique agricole commune et les régions méditerranéennes : un point de vue italien," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 211(1), pages 61-66.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4496
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1992.4496
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1992.4496
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