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Instabilité des marchés agricoles et stratégies paysannes au Niger

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  • Catherine Bonjean

Abstract

[fre] Cet article met en évidence la rationalité des choix opérés par les agriculteurs d'une des régions les plus pauvres d'Afrique. Au Niger, les aléas climatiques sont à l'origine d'une très forte instabilité de la production agricole, génératrice d'une instabilité des revenus en partie seulement compensée par les mouvements inverses des prix. La structure des marchés explique que l'évolution des prix ne joue pas comme une assurance de revenu, mais au contraire comme une source supplémentaire d'instabilité. Face à ces risques les paysans choisissent leur plan de production de façon à s'assurer la réalisation d'un revenu minimum. Cette recherche de sécurité est liée à une moindre productivité et à un comportement autarcique, tandis que la prise de risque implique une participation plus grande à l'économie de marché. Il s'en déduit des actions de politique économique pour le développement. [eng] Agricultural markets instability and farmers behaviour in Niger. This paper points out the rationality of farmers choices in Niger. Production variability, induced by climate, generates an income variability which is not compensated by fluctuations in prices. Markets structure explains why prices don't act as insurance but at the opposite as an additional source of income instability. In that context, producteurs select their farm plan so as to secure a minimum level of income. This quest for security imply a loss of productivity and lead to autarky, whereas, farmers who are not risk averse are more market oriented. We can then deduct actions of economic policy to promote development.

Suggested Citation

  • Catherine Bonjean, 1992. "Instabilité des marchés agricoles et stratégies paysannes au Niger," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 210(1), pages 17-22.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4477
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1992.4477
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1992.4477
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