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Progrès techniques et productivité totale des facteurs : analyse théorique et application à l'agriculture française (1960-1984)

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  • Hervé Guyomard

Abstract

[fre] Avant toute analyse de l'évolution de la productivité globale des facteurs, se pose le problème de sa mesure. L'approche résiduelle ou non paramétrique se base sur la construction des indices Divisia des produits et des facteurs, et le progrès technique est alors assimilé au taux de croissance de cet indicateur. Or assimiler progrès technique et taux de croissance de la productivité repose sur un certain nombre d'hypothèses : progrès technique neutre au sens de Hicks, rendements d'échelle constants, séparabilité inputs-outputs, compétition pure et parfaite sur tous les marchés. Quand une de ces hypothèses n'est pas vérifiée, l'approche paramétrique fondée sur l'estimation économétrique de la fonction de transformation ou de manière duale des fonctions de comportement : coût, revenu et profit, est une alternative intéressante même si la représentation traditionnelle du progrès technique est sans aucun doute restrictive. L'application à l'agriculture française de ces deux approches constitue l'objet empirique de cette étude. [eng] Typically measures of total factor productivity growth have been based on a non parametric framework : this residual approach is based on divisia indexes of inputs and outputs and likens technical change to the percentage growth in total factor productivity. Unfortunately, this simple equivalence is true only if several assumptions are satisfied : Hicks neutral technical change, constant returns to scale, separability between inputs and outputs, perfectly variable inputs and outputs and competitive markets for all commodities. When one of these assumptions is not satisfied, the parametric or economic approach is a convenient alternative even if the representation of technical change in the production function or in its dual (profit, cost or revenue functions) is, with no doubt, too restrictive. As a final objective both approaches are applied to French Agriculture (1960-1984).

Suggested Citation

  • Hervé Guyomard, 1989. "Progrès techniques et productivité totale des facteurs : analyse théorique et application à l'agriculture française (1960-1984)," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 192(1), pages 81-87.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3998
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1989.3998
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1989.3998
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