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Emergence, développement et rôle des coopératives agricoles en France. Aperçus sur une histoire séculaire

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  • Philippe Nicolas

Abstract

[eng] The first agricultural cooperatives in France were founded in the 1 880s to enable farmers' adaptation to new economic and technical conditions. They have been developed according to very different methods, but principally as part of a corporate agricultural, and later under the State's influence exerted through the « Crédit Agricole Mutuel », the tax laws and the market organization. The cooperative expansion, rather slow and limited to a few branches till the end of the 1 950s, marks then a rapid progress and becomes more diversified. In particular, one of its characteristics is the emergence of innovative and exporting cooperative groups which control subsidiary companies covering all kind of legal forms. The agricultural cooperatives maintain none the less their original pronouced peculiarities because of their increasing intervention in farm organization, their specific operating conditions ant their particular financial structure. [fre] Les premières coopératives agricoles ont été formées en France dans les années 1 880 pour permettre aux agriculteurs de s'adapter aux conditions économiques et techniques nouvelles. Leur développement s'est effectué selon des modalités très diverses, mais principalement dans le cadre d'un syndicalisme agricole corporatiste, puis sous l'influence de l'État, s'exerçant à travers le Crédit Agricole Mutuel, la législation fiscale et l'organisation des marchés. Assez lente, et limitée à quelques branches, jusqu'à la fin des années 1950, l'expansion coopérative devient ensuite plus rapide et diversifiée. Elle se caractérise notamment par l'émergence de groupes coopératifs innovateurs et exportateurs, contrôlant des sociétés filiales de toutes formes juridiques. Les coopératives agricoles n'en conservent pas moins des traits originaux accentués, en raison de leurs interventions croissantes dans l'organisation des exploitations agricoles, de leurs conditions de fonctionnement spécifique, et de leur structure financière particulière.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Nicolas, 1988. "Emergence, développement et rôle des coopératives agricoles en France. Aperçus sur une histoire séculaire," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 184(1), pages 116-122.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1988_num_184_1_3900
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1988.3900
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1988.3900
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