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Les arguments économiques en faveur du retour à la terre dans le discours agrarien

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  • Isabel Boussard

Abstract

[eng] Back to the land is generally considered as the main axis of agrarian thought during the end of the XlXth century and the first half of the XXth. This view has to be revisited : as soon as the eighteen sixties, the possibility of surplus is uttered. A first modernization takes place which shall be the way of keeping hands to the land. In these early times, several authors point out that « return » is an Utopia. One can only maintain forces or attract new ones. After 1945, these ideas are still in favour, with isolated claims on the economic necessity and the benefit of rural depopulation. But the difficulties of implementation will be discovered soon. The global economic trend questions the new axiom. Industry, as well as agriculture, has too many hands. [fre] Le retour à la terre est le plus souvent considéré comme l'idée force du discours agrarien de la fin du XIXe siècle et de la première moitié du XXe. Cette vue doit être nuancée car, dès les années 1860, on parle de possibles excédents de main-d'œuvre. Une première modernisation est en route ; c'est elle qui « retiendra » les bras. Le « retour » est parfois considéré comme une utopie. On peut seulement maintenir les forces ou en faire venir de nouvelles. Après 1 945, le mouvement se prolonge, avec des voix isolées qui commencent à clamer que l'exode rural est une nécessité économique et un bienfait. Mais on découvrira vite les difficultés d'application. L'évolution générale de l'économie remet en cause le nouvel axiome, car l'industrie a, elle aussi, trop de bras.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabel Boussard, 1988. "Les arguments économiques en faveur du retour à la terre dans le discours agrarien," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 184(1), pages 75-84.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1988_num_184_1_3894
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1988.3894
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1988.3894
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    1. Claude Laurent, 1969. "Chapitre 13. L'évolution de la population active agricole," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 79(1), pages 215-234.
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