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Dix-huit décennies de développement agricole français dans une perspective internationale

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  • Paul Bairoch

Abstract

[fre] L'évolution des principaux aspects de l'agriculture française est replacée dans le contexte des pays développés. La lenteur de la croissance de la production totale s'explique essentiellement par la spécificité de la démographie française. Si, au cours du XIXe siècle, la France a gardé une proportion d'actifs agricoles plutôt élevée, depuis lors la. baisse du nombre et de la proportion d'actifs est très rapide. La première vague de progression des rendements, qui se place entre 1850-60 et 1914, ne toucha que faiblement la France ; en revanche, celle des quarante dernières années a été même plus rapide que dans la plupart des autres pays développés. La conjonction de cette croissance rapide des rendements et de la baisse accusée des actifs a conduit à une croissance très rapide de la productivité ; laquelle a été multipliée par 7,2 entre 1950 et 1980 (contre 5,2 pour l'ensemble des pays développés occidentaux). Ceci contraste avec une réussite plutôt maigre de 1800 à 1850-60 et une réussite plutôt médiocre de 1850-60 à la Seconde guerre mondiale. [eng] The main aspects of the evolution of French agriculture are analysed in the context of the developed countries. The slow growth of total production can be explained mainly by the specificity of French population growth. If, during the XlXth century, France has had a rather high proportion of agricultural labor force, since then, the decrease in the absolute and relative number of agriculture workers has been very rapid. The first wave increases of yields (between 1850/60 and 1914) affected less strongly France ; but the one concerning the last 40 years led to more rapid progress in France than is most other developed countries. The conjonction of this strong yields increases and of the rapid decline in labor force led to a very rapid increase in productivity which was multiplied by 7.2 between 1950 and 1980 (compared to 5,2 for the Western developed countries). This contrasts with a rather scanty success during the first half of the XlXth century and a below average evolution from 1850/60 to the Second world war.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Bairoch, 1988. "Dix-huit décennies de développement agricole français dans une perspective internationale," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 184(1), pages 13-23.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1988_num_184_1_3884
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1988.3884
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1988.3884
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    Cited by:

    1. Arnaud Deseau, 2023. "Land Reform and Productivity: Evidence from the Dissolution of the French Monasteries," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2023009, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).

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