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Excédents et coût de la politique céréalière. Un système d'avance sur la production à l'américaine modifiée. Une possibilité pour l'avenir

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  • David R. Harvey

Abstract

[fre] Le régime des céréales est la pierre angulaire de la PAC. Ce fut le premier régime à faire l'objet d'un accord et à être mis en œuvre, le niveau de soutien des céréales conditionna le niveau de soutien pour d'autres produits. La réforme du régime céréalier, afin de faire face au coût croissant des excédents, des guerres commerciales et de la baisse des revenus agricoles, est fondamentale pour l'avenir de la PAC et extrêmement difficile. . Cet article propose un régime qui limite le niveau de l'intervention par exploitation et permet au prix du marché des céréales de se rapprocher du prix mondial. En limitant le soutien, celui-ci peut être affecté en priorité à des individus plutôt qu'à des tonnes et le marché peut être rapproché de son équilibre tandis que la plus grande partie de l'aide est affectée aux petites exploitations. Ce mécanisme présente de très gros avantages économiques par rapport aux autres possibilités comme : la mise hors culture, les taxes de coresponsabilité ou les réductions de prix. Le fait que ce système permette un certain niveau de flexibilité au niveau national fait qu'il offre une marge de négociation qui le rend politiquement acceptable. [eng] The cereals regime is the cornerstone of the Common Agricultural Policy. It was the first to be agreed and impli- mented, and the establishment of the support level for cereals preconditions the support for other products. Reform of the cereal regime to cope with the problems of escalating budgetary expenditure, surpluses, incipient trade wars, and declining farm incomes is both fundamental to the future of the CAP and extremely difficult. . This paper suggests a possibility which limits support paid per farm and allows the market price of cereals to fall towards the world competitive level. By limiting the support, the benefits can be concentrated on people rather than tonnes of grain, and the market can be brought closer to balance while retaining a major part of the support for the smaller farms. The mechanism appears to have considerable economic advantages over the alternatives of set-asides, co-responsibility levies or simple price reductions. Since the scheme allows for varying degrees of national flexibility, it also offers the negotiating room necessary to achieve political acceptability.

Suggested Citation

  • David R. Harvey, 1988. "Excédents et coût de la politique céréalière. Un système d'avance sur la production à l'américaine modifiée. Une possibilité pour l'avenir," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 183(1), pages 43-48.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1988_num_183_1_3878
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1988.3878
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1988.3878
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