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Hétérogénéité technique et structurelle dans les exploitations agricoles

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  • J.M. Boussard

Abstract

[eng] Changing environment and structural heterogeneity in agriculture - Agriculture is heterogenous, with respect to sizes as well as to the techniques used by farmers. This is surprising for an economist, because, at least jn a liberal framework, competition should select the most efficient sizes and techniques. An explanation of the size heterogeneity is that the production function is homogenous and of degree 1 , which implies the absence of economies of scale. But for what concerns the technical heterogeneity, it is necessary to make use of the dynamic interaction between fixed factors, savings, and price levels. A pratical implication of the analysis is the difficulty of setting up « a structural agricultural policy » capable of reaching its avowed targets without tremendous budgetary expenditures. [fre] Le caractère omniprésent de l'hétérogénéité en agriculture est une évidence, qu'il s'agisse de la taille des entreprises ou des techniques mises en œuvre par les agriculteurs. Ce phénomène est à première vue surprenant pour un économiste, habitué à considérer que la concurrence sélectionne automatiquement les tailles et les techniques les plus performantes. Il existe cependant une explication simple de la dispersion des dimensions d'exploitation : la fonction de production agricole serait homogène et de degré 1 , ce qui impliquerait l'absence d'économies d'échelle. En ce qui concerne la variété des techniques, il faut, pour en rendre compte, faire intervenir l'interaction dynamique entre les facteurs fixes, l'épargne, et les niveaux de prix. Ces analyses ont des conséquences pratiques. En particulier elles soulignent la difficulté d'élaborer une « politique des structures » capable d'atteindre ses objectifs sans dépenses budgétaires énormes.

Suggested Citation

  • J.M. Boussard, 1986. "Hétérogénéité technique et structurelle dans les exploitations agricoles," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 176(1), pages 3-10.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_176_1_3783
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1986.3783
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1986.3783
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    1. Philippe Boyer, 1989. "Origins and limits of extensification in Charolais breeding. Analysis of some cases observed in Burgundy [Déterminants et limites de I'extensification en élevage charolais. Analyse de quelques cas ," Post-Print hal-03116940, HAL.

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