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Contraintes météorologiques du travail agricole - Jours disponibles pour les travaux des champs en Ile-de-de France

Author

Listed:
  • C. Reboul
  • M. Maamoun

Abstract

[fre] De combien de jours un agriculteur dispose-t-il, compte tenu des aléas météorologiques, pour effectuer les diverses façons culturales d'une campagne agricole ? La réponse conditionne la capacité de travail des hommes et des machines. L'estimation des «jours disponibles » par période de travail est nécessaire à toute opération d'ajustement entre la main-d'œuvre, le parc des machines et la production. . On ne peut cependant pas plus prévoir les jours disponibles de façon directe que les phénomènes météorologiques qui les déterminent, au-delà d'une période d'environ cinq jours. D'où le recours à un procédé d'estimation indirect, fondé sur l'extrapolation de séries chronologiques d'observations. A partir d'observations effectuées quotidiennement par neuf agriculteurs de 1971 à 1976, on a établi un modèle statistique des relations entre jours disponibles et pluviométrie. En appliquant ces relations aux séries d'observations des Stations météorologiques de l'Ile-de-France (1949-1977) on a pu déterminer pour les principales façons culturales les nombres de jours disponibles présentant une forte probabilité de réalisation quelle que soit l'année. . Les principes de détermination des jours disponibles sont exposés dans une première partie. On y distingue notamment : « période agronomique » et « période économique » de travail. Une deuxième partie présente le modèle statistique élaboré. [eng] How many days are in fact available for field work in a crop year when weather conditions are taken into account ? The answer to this question determines the necessary capacities in manpower and machines. The estimation of "available days" per work period is necessary in order to adjust labour, machines and production. . However, we are unable to forecast precisely the number of available days as we can't forecast the weather conditions beyond a time period of five days. Consequently we have to rely on an indirect estimation based on the extrapolation of observed time series. A statistical model of the relationships between the number of days available for field work and rainfall based on the daily observations by nine farmers between 1971 and 1976 has been elaborated. By applying these relationships to the series of observations from the meteorological weather stations of the "Ile-de-France" area (1949-1977) it was possible to determine the number of available days with a high probability for the most important field works for any year. . In the first part of our paper we explain the methods of determining the available days. Two periods are defined : the "agronomic period" and the "economic period". The statistical model derived from the observations is accounted for in the second part.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Reboul & M. Maamoun, 1983. "Contraintes météorologiques du travail agricole - Jours disponibles pour les travaux des champs en Ile-de-de France," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 157(1), pages 83-95.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_3000
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1983.3000
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1983.3000
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