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L'adaptation de l'agriculture de la RDA aux matériels à grand rendement : facilités mécaniques, difficultés agronomiques

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  • Claude Reboul

Abstract

[fre] Dans les années 1970, le développement de la coopération entre exploitations agricoles au stade de la production a entraîné une restructuration agraire. L'exploitation de très grande dimension s'est généralisée sur l'ensemble du territoire. Les épandages de produits chimiques et une partie des charrois lourds ont été pris en charge par des entreprises spécialisées. Dans quelle mesure la nouvelle organisation permet-elle de concilier les deux objectifs d'industrialisation de l'agriculture et d'intensification qui lui ont été officiellement assignés ? Telle est la question traitée dans cet article. . Une première partie informe sur les stagnations récentes des rendements/ha des céréales et plus anciennes des rendements/ha des plantes sarclées, ainsi que sur l'augmentation des importations de céréales pour l'affouragement du bétail. . Une seconde partie met en évidence l'importance de la recherche du plein emploi des équipements dans la constitution d'entreprises géantes et analyse les contradictions qui en résultent d'une part avec l'emploi de la main-d'œuvre et d'autre part avec le maintien de la fertilité des sols. L'agriculture paraît assujettie à une industrie qui, dans le cadre du COMECON, assure une place croissante dans ses fabrications aux matériels à grand rendement. [eng] Mechanical relief raising agronomic problems. . In the 1970-ties, the development of cooperation between farms at the production level resulted in a farm restructuration. Large-scale farms were generalized all over the country. Spreading of chemicals and part of the heavy transports were taken over by specialized firms. The question raised in this article is whether this new organization is able to conciliate the two officially announced targets of industrialization and intensifying agriculture. . The first part of our article describes recent stagnations in cereal yields per ha and earlier in root crop yields per ha and also the increased imports of cereals as animal feed. . The second part shows the importance of full-time use of equipments in the constitution of large-scale firms and analyses the resulting contradictions both for labour employment and for soil fertility. Agriculture appears dominated by an industry which within the COMECON tends to devote an increasing part of its activity to large-scale equipments.

Suggested Citation

  • Claude Reboul, 1983. "L'adaptation de l'agriculture de la RDA aux matériels à grand rendement : facilités mécaniques, difficultés agronomiques," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 156(1), pages 27-33.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2981
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1983.2981
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1983.2981
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    1. Pouliquen, A., 1982. "L'Organisation Du Travail Agricole Et Le Controle Social De L'Activite Economique En U.R.S.S," Serie Etudes et Recherches 244498, Institut National de la recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departement Sciences Sociales, Agriculture et Alimentation, Espace et Environnement (SAE2).
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