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Colonisation planifiée des rives du Lac de Kossou en Côte-d'Ivoire Centrale : la genèse d'un échec

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  • Véronique Lassailly-Jacob

Abstract

[eng] The reservoir dam on the great Ivory river built for hydro-electric production created an artificial lake which drove 75 000 peasants from their land. The government instituted a public agency in charge of resettling this population on the banks of the new lake. The village production factors were restored through a vast and costly land clearing where annual rainwater-fed crops were to be cultivated. The farming was highly mechanized with crop rotation and associated with cattle breeding. This scheme was largely supported by international financing organizations. The peasants however continued to favor traditional crops cultivated marginally and at the expense of the new cropping system considered as tiresome, compelling and scarcely profitable. This scheme gradually collapsed, abandoned by the disillusioned peasants. For financial reasons, the public agency had to recover the land, production means and labour force of the stranded peasants. At the same time the agency decided to extend this production model to certain traditional communities hoping for better results. This overambi- tious project was drastically stopped in 1981, year of the dissolution of the agency. [fre] La construction sur un grand fleuye ivoirien d'un barrage-réservoir pour la production hydro-électrique entraîne la formation d'un vaste lac artificiel qui chasse de leurs terres 75 000 paysans. Le gouvernement constitue une société d'Etat à vocation d'aménagement intégré qui est chargée de réinstaller cette population à la périphérie du nouveau lac. Pour reconstituer les facteurs de production des villages reconstruits en savane, la société se lance dans une vaste opération très coûteuse de défrichement de blocs pour des cultures annuelles sous pluie, mécanisées, stabilisées, assolées et en association avec un élevage d'embouche, un programme très soutenu par les organismes internationaux de financement. Toutefois, les exploitants continuent de privilégier leur agriculture traditionnelle qu'ils pratiquent en marge et aux dépens du système de cultures sur blocs jugé trop fastidieux, contraignant et peu rentable. Ce programme de cultures sur blocs s'effondre progressivement, délaissé par des agriculteurs désenchantés. Poussée par ses engagements financiers, la société d'aménagement est conduite à récupérer à son profit les terres des blocs, les moyens de production et la force de travail des sinistrés. Simultanément, elle décide d'étendre ce même modèle agricole à certaines communautés traditionnelles en espérant avoir plus de succès. C'est la fuite en avant, brutalement stoppée en 1 981 , année de la dissolution de la société.

Suggested Citation

  • Véronique Lassailly-Jacob, 1982. "Colonisation planifiée des rives du Lac de Kossou en Côte-d'Ivoire Centrale : la genèse d'un échec," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 147(1), pages 45-50.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2834
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1982.2834
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1982.2834
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