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Exploitations agricoles, technologies et pays en développement

Author

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  • Hervé Bichat

Abstract

[fre] L'auteur présente les facteurs qui conditionnent les choix des techniques dans les exploitations agricoles des pays chauds : leur environnement national et régional, l'état des sciences et des techniques, la personnalité des agriculteurs. Ceux-ci restent, même dans les pays à économie centralisée, les agents qui prennent les décisions productives dans le secteur agricole. I Is sont les vrais innovateurs. Cette analyse suggère une diversification croissante des situations et des modèles d'exploitation au cours des vingt années à venir. Il en résulte que dans le domaine agricole proprement dit, il n'y a pas de transfert possible. L'agronome peut tout au plus espérer aider les exploitants à découvrir progressivement leur propre voie de développement en valorisant au mieux les facteurs de production disponibles et en faisant jouer toutes les solidarités potentielles. En revanche, les transferts de technologie sont plus faciles dans les autres maillons de la filière agro-alimentaire. Enfin, l'auteur estime que les nouveaux objectifs de la recherche agronomique dans les pays chauds vont concerner principalement l'alimentation des grandes villes et la satisfaction des besoins énergétiques des zones rurales. Les exploitations paysannes en voie de modernisation raisonnée seront les acteurs principaux de ces nouvelles politiques agricoles. Ce qui suppose une adaptation progressive des structures de recherches (organisées en filières, disciplines et systèmes de production) à ces nouvelles contraintes. [eng] The author specifies the factors which determine the choice of farming techniques in tropical countries : the national and regional environment, the state of science and techniques and the personality of the farmers. Even in a centralized economy, the farmers remain the decision makers in the farm sector and are the true innovators. This analysis predicts an increasing diversification of situations and farm models in the next twenty years. Consequently, there is no possible transfer in the purely agricultural field. The rural economist can only help the farmers to find their one way of development by using the existing production factors in the best possible manner. The technology transfers on the other hand are more easily operated in the food processing channels. Finally, the author believes that the new subjects of rural economic research in tropical countries will be the food supply to urban centers and the energy requirements of rural areas. The modernized farms will be the main actors of these new farm policies. Research structures have to be progressively adapted to these new constraints (divided according to products, disciplines and production systems).

Suggested Citation

  • Hervé Bichat, 1982. "Exploitations agricoles, technologies et pays en développement," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 147(1), pages 9-14.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2827
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1982.2827
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1982.2827
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