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Une durée de travail souvent excessive en agriculture

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  • Guenhaël Jegouzo

Abstract

[fre] II existe dans l'ensemble de la société une forte pression à la réduction de la durée du travail. Or, en agriculture, tout au moins dans le secteur des productions animales, le temps passé à travailler reste souvent considérable et les vacances rares ou courtes. Ceci est surtout vrai des chefs d'exploitation, beaucoup d'éleveurs, de même que leurs épouses, travaillant encore tous les jours de l'année, mais vaut aussi pour un certain nombre de salariés agricoles, la variabilité interindividuelle étant de toute façon importante. Sans doute la durée du travail est-elle difficile à mesurer en agriculture et les données disponibles sont partielles et critiquables ; celles-ci tendent cependant à appuyer l'hypothèse d'une persistance fréquente de temps longs, trop longs, alors que le travail agricole est de moins en moins lent ou poreux. . Historiquement, il apparaît surprenant que de telles conditions d'existence soient encore acceptées car, dans la petite paysannerie et une part de la moyenne agriculture, on travaille beaucoup en gagnant peu. Ne s'agirait-il pas d'une survivance d'une éthique favorableau labeuret à l'effort? Dans lecas de l'élevage laitier, les causes sont à la fois multiples dans leur nature et variables selon les individus. Mais il semble que l'explication principale se situe dans la domination économique que continuent à subir les éleveurs. [eng] There is in the whole society a strong pressure to reduce the working time. But, in agriculture, at least in the sector of animal productions, the time spent in working often remains considerable and the holidays rare or short. That is especially true for the farm's heads, for many livestock producers, together with their wifes, who are still working every day of the year. It is also true for some wage-earners, the interindividual variability being in any case important. No doubt, the working time is difficult to measure in agriculture, and the available data are incomplete and debatable ; however these data tend to sustain assumption of frequent persistence of a long, too long, working time, while the agricultural work is becoming less and less slow or porous. . Historically, it appears strange that such living conditions are still accepted in the little farms peasantry and in a part of middle-size modernized farms ; people work much and earn little. Would it not be a survival of ethics based towards toil and effort ? In the case of dairy farms, the reasons are multiple and variable according to the individuals. But the principal explanation, it seems, is that livestock producers still suffer from economic domination.

Suggested Citation

  • Guenhaël Jegouzo, 1981. "Une durée de travail souvent excessive en agriculture," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 145(1), pages 38-47.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2803
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1981.2803
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1981.2803
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    1. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1959_14n2_0284 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Martine Berlan & Rose-Marie Painvin, 1980. "Les conditions de vie et de travail des femmes dans les exploitations agricoles," Working Papers hal-02306125, HAL.
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