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L'agriculture, source d'énergie : le point sur les techniques d'utilisation de la biomasse

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  • J.C . Sourie

Abstract

[fre] Avec le renchérissement des prix des énergies fossiles, une nouvelle mission de l'agriculture commence à apparaître : la production d'énergie à partir du carbone des plantes. . Dans le cadre de la décennie à venir, les sous-produits agricoles, essentiellement les pailles et les fumiers, pourraient fournir 5 à 6 Mtep sans qu'apparaissent de phénomènes de concurrence, ni avec les usages alimentaires, ni avec les usages agronomiques. La production de chaleur, à petite échelle, soit à la ferme, soit dans sa périphérie, semble la filière la plifë réaliste. Elle sera réalisée tout d'abord par combustion des produits secs (paille) puis, suivant le progrès des techniques, par fermentation méthanique des fumiers de bovins. Actuellement, dans bien des sites, l'obstacle économique freine encore la diffusion des technologies précédentes et surtout de la fermentation méthanique. . A plus long terme, on peut envisager le développement de cultures énergétiques très diverses et adaptées à différents milieux. On fonde beaucoup d'espoir sur les plantations énergétiques à courte révolution, à base de peupliers. . En plus de l'énergie calorifique, l'agriculture pourrait également produire des carburants, surtout, semble-t- il, grâce à la voie du methanol. [eng] As a consequence of the increasing prices of fossil fuels, a new finality for agriculture is appearing: energy production from biomass. . During the next ten years, by-products straw and animal wastes are the most important. Could be an energy feedstock about 5 to 6 Mtep, without any effect on the soil fertility, nor on the other uses of agricultural wastes. On this period, by-products will be used to produce calorific energy, wet residues by anaerobic digestion and dry residues, by direct combustion. To-day, economic factors limit the development of these two technologies, particularly, the development of anaerobic digestion. . For the future, energetic cultures are considered. Short forestry rotations seem to be a very promising possibility. These cultures could be converted into liquid tuels, such as methanol.

Suggested Citation

  • J.C . Sourie, 1980. "L'agriculture, source d'énergie : le point sur les techniques d'utilisation de la biomasse," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 138(1), pages 49-58.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2726
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1980.2726
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1980.2726
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