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Le régime central d'accumulation d'après-guerre et la crise

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  • Hugues Bertrand

Abstract

[eng] In this article, the author tries to take a new look at the bases of the economic growth during the post-war period. Economic activities are divided into "productives sections " : in the first group are those (industrial, commercial, transportation) which contribute to investment (directly or indirectly : intermediary goods) ; in the second group those which provide consumption goods. Within this framework, the French post-war economy seems to be ruled by a " central accumulation regime ", based on a capitalist and capitalistic revolution of the production conditions in the consumption section, along with a corresponding mutation of the ways of life. These are the essential transformations and their weak dependancy on foreign economies, which are at work in the rapid increase of the accumulation rate (and the profit rate as well) which is observed during that period. These features would explain the original aspect of that period which the combination of a rapid growth in both the level of consumptions and the rate of accumulation. . In the second part of the sixties, the progressive shrinking of the wide field open to accumulation by these changes, the corresponding extention of the same field in the world, an active struggle of wage earners to increase their income share, contributed to limit the conditions favorable to this rapid growth. The oil shock then transformed a latent crisis, hidden in France by the 1969 devaluation and the following boom on exports, into an open and general crisis. [fre] Dans cet article l'auteur essaie de jeter un regard nouveau sur les fondements de la croissance d'après-guerre. Il répartit les activités économiques en " sections productives " ; d'un côté l'ensemble de celles (industrielles, commerciales, de transport) qui concourrent, directement ou indirectement (biens intermédiaires), à l'investissement ; de l'autre, symétriquement, l'ensemble de celles qui assurent la consommation. L'observation de l'économie française d'après-guerre dans ce cadre d'analyse permet d'en proposer une interprétation sous la forme d'un " régime central d'accumulation d'après-guerre " fondé sur une révolution, capitaliste et capitalistique, des conditions de production dans l'ensemble des activités économiques liées à la consommation, et une mutation correspondante des modes de vie. Ce sont ces transformations économiques essentielles, le fait qu'elles se soient situées dans un cadre encore principalement national en rendant l'organisation plus aisée, simple et efficace, qui seraient à l'origine de l'élévation rapide du taux d'accumulation (et du taux des profits) au cours de cette période. Les caractéristiques expliqueraient ce trait original de la période qu'est la combinaison d'une progression très rapide du niveau de consommation et du taux d'accumulation. . Au cours de la deuxième moitié des années 60, la contraction progressive du champ considérable ouvert à l'accumulation par ces transformations, l'extension rapide, en partie liée, de ce champ au niveau mondial, une lutte vigoureuse des salariés pour augmenter leur part du revenu national, devraient contribuer à limiterde plus en plus les conditions favorables à cette croissance élevée. Le choc pétrolier devait alors transformer une crise latente, voilée en France par la dévaluation de 1969 et le développement consécutif des exportations, en une crise ouverte et générale.

Suggested Citation

  • Hugues Bertrand, 1980. "Le régime central d'accumulation d'après-guerre et la crise," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 138(1), pages 16-21.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2715
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1980.2715
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1980.2715
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