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D'une formation centrée sur un savoir disciplinaire à une formation centrée sur les problèmes économiques des agriculteurs

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  • E. Marshall

Abstract

[fre] La formation économique des agriculteurs est actuellement dominée par la transmission d'un savoir disciplinaire, la comptabilité-gestion, ce qui s'explique pour des raisons historiques, fiscales, constitutionnelles, etc. La nécessaire recherche d'un élargissement du champ de cette formation ne doit pas cependant masquer l'insuffisance des réflexions sur la gestion elle-même : la gestion est envisagée traditionnellement dans l'optique des conseillers de gestion, comme l'ensemble des méthodes conduisant à l'élaboration d'un diagnostic économico-financier de l'exploitation ; or, pour l'agriculteur, la gestion est d'abord un acte : celui de décider en fonction d'objectifs et de contraintes. La formation à la gestion doit donc être aussi envisagée comme une formation à la décision. . Cette remarque, jointe aux recherches scientifiques (sur le comportement économique des agriculteurs et sur l'analyse de l'exploitation en terme de système), aux recherches pédagogiques et aux perspectives d'évolution future de l'agriculture... conduit à repenser cette formation à la fois dans ses objectifs et ses méthodes, . - si l'on veut accroître la « capacité stratégique » de l'agriculteur, il s'agit de centrer la formation économique sur le raisonnement économique et la prise de décision, en reliant étroitement l'exploitation, la famille et les rapports avec l'environnement socio- économique ; . - sur un plan pédagogique, on ne peut se contenter de transmettre un savoir, il faut faire acquérir des capacités en prenant appui sur les problèmes économiques des agriculteurs, sur une meilleure connaissance de leur comportement économique, et sur leur expérience de l'action ; . - sur un plan institutionnel, il faut réorienter la formation des formateurs et relier plus étroitement la formation initiale et la formation permanente. [eng] Economic training of farmers is currently dominated by the transmission of an academic knowledge : accounting and management ; this situation is due to historical, fiscal and institutional reasons. The necessary search for an enlargment of the field of this training must not hide the insufficiency of thinking about management itself. Farm management is traditionnally considered, according to the views of management advisers, as the set of methods leading to an economical and financial diagnosis of the farm. For the farmer however, management is firstly an action : decision making about objectives under constraints. Management training must therefore be also considered as a training to decision making. This remark, joined with scientific research on economic behaviour of farmers and on analysis of the farm in terms of systems, with pedagogic research and with future prospects of agriculture etc., leads to renewal of the thinking about both objectives and methods of this training. . - If we want to increase the «strategic capability» of the farmer we have to emphasize economic analysis and decision making, tightly relating the farm, the family and the socio-economic environnment. . - On a pedagogic viewpoint, we cannot be satisfied with transmitting a knowledge. Farmers have to acquire capabilities based on their own economic problems, on a better knowledge of their own economic behaviour and on their own experience of action. . - At the institutional level, the training of trainers has to be reoriented and initial education and adult training should be more closely related.

Suggested Citation

  • E. Marshall, 1980. "D'une formation centrée sur un savoir disciplinaire à une formation centrée sur les problèmes économiques des agriculteurs," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 136(1), pages 17-27.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2695
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1980.2695
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1980.2695
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