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Stabilité, diversité et maturité des écosystèmes : notions applicables aux sociétés humaines

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  • P. Pesson

Abstract

[fre] L'évolution des sociétés humaines s'est faite et se fait aux dépens des écosystèmes naturels, dans lesquels l'homme a acquis une place privilégiée. La notion de stabilité des écosystèmes est souvent associée à celles de diversité et de maturité. Comment ces notions de diversité, stabilité et maturité peuvent-elles s'appliquer aux écosystèmes les plus artificiels créés par l'homme ? . Dans les écosystèmes naturels l'évolution va dans le sens d'une plus grande efficience énergétique, les dépenses par unité de biomasse présente allant en se réduisant. Au contraire dans les anthropo-écosystèmes la dépense énergétique par personne va en croissant. Par diverses voies l'homme accroît et accélère constamment le flux énergétique qui traverse son écosystème, tendant simultanément à simplifier et concentrer les éléments de production, ce qui peut engendrer diverses instabilités. . A la diversité inter-spécifique des écosystèmes primitifs s'est substituée une diversité intra-spécifique de l'espèce dominante, l'homme. Cette diversité à l'intérieur des sociétés humaines est liée à la complexité de leur organisation et ne peut être maintenue que par un accroissement du flux d'énergie. La stabilité de l'écosystème global se trouve donc liée aujourd'hui au maintien de cet apport énergétique. [eng] Stability, diversity and maturity of ecosystems — notions applicable to human societies - Human societies have developed and develop at the expense of natural ecosystems in which man has acquired a privileged place. . The notion of the stability of ecosystems is often associated with those of diversity and maturity. How can these notions of diversity, stability and maturity be applied to the most artificial ecosystems created by man ? . Natural ecosystems develop towards greater energy efficiency, expenditure of energy per biomass present being constantly reduced. In anthropo-ecosystems, however, expenditure of energy per person is constantly increasing. In various ways man constantly increases and accelerates the flow of energy through his ecosystem, tending both to simplify and to concentrate the production elements which may give rise to various imbalances. . The inter-specific diversify of primitive ecosystems is replaced by an intra-specific diversity of the dominant species — man. This diversity within human societies is linked to the complexity of their organization and can only be maintained by an increase in the energy flow. The stability of the global ecosystems is therefore today linked to this increase in energy being maintained.

Suggested Citation

  • P. Pesson, 1978. "Stabilité, diversité et maturité des écosystèmes : notions applicables aux sociétés humaines," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 4-6.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2580
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1978.2580
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1978.2580
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