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Aménager le territoire... Avec quels hommes ? Richesses et contraintes démographiques

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  • J. Rochas

Abstract

[fre] Lorsque grâce à sa fécondité et à l'immigration étrangère, la population de la France avait un essor rapide, le choix n'a pas été fait d'orienter cette croissance vers les zones peu peuplées ou souffrant de l'exode. L'aménagement du territoire tendait au contraire à développer un nombre limité de grandes agglomérations, l'exode rural s'intensifiait et l'arrivée à l'âge adulte des classes nombreuses a même conduit depuis 10 ans à un nombre accru de départs vers les villes. . Aujourd'hui la fécondité française s'est effondrée, l'immigration étrangère a été suspendue, la croissance urbaine précédemment très rapide, a diminué. Un certain tarissement de l'exode rural va accentuer ce ralentissement car la baisse du nombre des naissances rurales, observée depuis 28 ans, entraîne désormais chaque année un amenuisement du nombre des jeunes ruraux arrivant à l'âge adulte. Mais la concentration passée de l'emploi dans les grands centres y favorise la localisation future des nouveaux emplois créés, au moins dans le contexte réglementaire actuel. . Ce fait est en totale contradiction avec l'objectif de l'Etat d'arrêter l'exode rural. . Seules des mesures contraignantes pour limiter, la création d'emplois dans les grandes villes et pour la favoriser à travers l'espace national peuvent permettre d'arrêter cet exode. Une telle action est urgente car même en arrêtant l'exode, une régression de la population rurale d'âge actif est inévitable du fait de l'exode passé et de la dénatalité qui en est résultée. . Un développement spatial de la France demeure possible. Les moyens existent. La volonté, la détermination et l'imagination sont surtout nécessaires. [eng] Town and country planning : demographical problems - When, thanks to its fertility and foreing immigration, the population of France increased by leaps and bounds, the choice of directing this growth towards underpopulated or depopulated areas was not made. Town and country planning tended, on the contrary, to develop a limited number of big towns; farming families left the land in even greater numbers and the « bulge » reached adulthood. This has led to an increasing number of people leaving for the towns over the past ten years. . Today, French fertility has dropped, foreing immigration has been suspended and urban growth which had been very rapid before, has diminished. The fact that today fewer farming families leave the land will underline this decrease, for the drop in the number of births in rural areas that has been observed over 28 years leads to a decrease year after year In the number of young country-dwellers reaching adulthood. But the concentration in the past of employment in big centres encourages the future implantation in these centres of new jobs created, at least in the context of present legislation. . This fact is in total contradiction with the State's aim to halt rural depopulation. Only compulsory measures to limit the creation of jobs in big towns and to encourage their distribution throughout the country can stop this depopulation. Such action is urgent for even if the depopulation of rural areas by migration is stopped, the active rural population is bound to diminish because of depopulation in the past and because of the resulting drop in births. . A development of the whole of France is possible. The means for this exist. What is needed is will power, determination and imagination.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Rochas, 1977. "Aménager le territoire... Avec quels hommes ? Richesses et contraintes démographiques," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 118(1), pages 14-22.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2475
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1977.2475
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1977.2475
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