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Comment et pourquoi définir un espace rural

Author

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  • A. Piatier
  • J. Madec

Abstract

[eng] The future of the countryside - How can one define « country » and why should it be defined ? - How can one characterise « country » in comparison with built up areas and why should it be defined ? Research into intercommunal relations and the criteria of rurality » is an attempt to answer these questions. . A survey who carried out of each of the 37000 French « communes » with less than 20000 inhabitants close to the main towns, based on a questionnaire of 880 questions. This enabled a « data bank » to be set up which is at the disposal of the planning specialists. . This survey challenges the use of the demographic criterion alone as a definition of the country. In France the INSEE considers as urban all the communes with more than 2000 inhabitants round the main towns. It is probable that if such a criterion were applied in Germany or the Netherlands, the « country » in these countries would disappear altogether. . The research mentioned is on the contrary based on an analysis with several criteria. The factors taken into account are qualitative rather than quantitative and concern phenomena related not only to the economic activity but also to the various aspects of the life of the people in the area. . A typology of the communes and of the degrees of « rurality » is thus arrived at which improve our knowledge of the situation and lead to more rational town and country planning. [fre] L'article présente les résultats d'une recherche sur les relations intercommunales et les critères de ruralité. Le débat déjà ancien « comment caractériser l'espace rural par rapport à l'espace urbain » débouche sur des préoccupations d'aménagement de l'espace. . Une enquête a été conduite au niveau de chacune des 37.000 communes françaises, sur la base d'un questionnaire comportant 880 questions : la banque de données ainsi constituée a été mise à la disposition des spécialistes de l'aménagement du territoire. . L'étude remet en cause l'utilisation du seul critère démographique pour délimiter l'espace rural : ainsi en France l'INSEE considère comme urbaines toutes les communes de plus de 2.000 habitants agglomérés au chef-lieu ; un tel critère appliqué en Allemagne ou aux Pays-Bas aboutirait à une quasi-disparition de l'espace rural dans ces pays. . Au contraire, la recherche présentée ici se fonde sur une analyse « multicritères » (dont les aspects techniques sont étudiés par J.L. Guigou). Les données prises en compte sont plus d'ordre qualitatif que quantitatif. Elles concernent les phénomènes liés non seulement à l'activité économique mais encore aux diverses manifestations de la vie des populations à travers le territoire. Une typologie des communes est établie, leur degré de ruralité calculé, en vue de mieux éclairer l'action.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Piatier & J. Madec, 1977. "Comment et pourquoi définir un espace rural," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 118(1), pages 3-13.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2474
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1977.2474
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1977.2474
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