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Aspects fonciers de l'aménagement de l'espace rural

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  • M.-E. Chassague

Abstract

[eng] Land Ownership and Country Planning - The feudal and peasant conceptions of land ownership have evolved towards m&rcanWe forms. Land is a marketable commodity and it is its price which rules the social and economic division of space. . The land policy of local authorities tends to serve as a corrective to this mechanism, which results in favouring the most profitable uses of land to the disadvantage of farm and forest. It tends to introduce a voluntary economy of space depending on planning aims. In rural areas these aims concern the complementarity of — or the competition between — farm development and the development of other activities, in other words between the various functions that society expects rural land to fullfill : the production of goods the basis for activities, scenery, environment etc. . Land ownership is often the farming sector's only bargaining power; a sector dominated both economically and socially. Moreover the increase of land values which historically was used as a means of rural development, is tending to no longer be controlled by local rural land owners. . This is why land owners widely resist the present official land policy, the social utility of which is often contested. In fact, land policy must take into account the needs of the farm economy together with other needs. From this point of view three strategies can be proposed concerning the land policy aspects of the planning of three main types of zones : areas of urban pressure, devitalized areas and areas of rural development. The first will requide arbitration between conflicting land uses ; the second will require restrictions on a colonial type of land conquest and the third an organization of the coexistence of complementary functions. [fre] Les conceptions féodale et paysanne de la propriété rurale ont évolué vers des formes mercantiles : le sol est l'objet de marché, et c'est son prix qui oriente la division sociale et économique de l'espace. . La politique foncière des collectivités publiques tend à corriger ce mécanisme, qui a pour effet de favoriser les usages du sol les plus rentables au détriment des usages agricoles et forestiers. Elle tend à instaure: une économie volontaire de l'espace, en fonction des objectifs d'aménagement. En milieu rural, ces objectifs concernent la complémentarité — ou l'arbitrage — entre le développement agricole et le développement des autres activités, c'est-à-dire entre les diverses fonctions que la société attend du sol rural : production de denrées, support d'activités, production du paysage ou du cadre de vie, etc.. . La propriété du sol constitue souvent le seul pouvoir de négociation du secteur agricole ou rural, qui par ailleurs est un secteur dominé économiquement et socialement. En outre, la rente foncière qui a constitué historiquement un instrument de développement rural, tend à échapper aux propriétaires ruraux. . C'est pourquoi la résistance à la politique foncière des collectivités publiques est importante, l'utLité collective de cette politique étant souvent contestée. . En fait, la politique foncière doit prendre en compte les besoins de l'économie agricole au même titre que les autres besoins. . Dans cette optique, trois stratégies peuvent être proposées, concernant les aspects fonciers de l'aménagement de trois grands types de zones : les zones de pression urbaine, les zones de dévitalisation et les zones de développement rural. Dans les premières, il s'agira d'arbitrer entre usages du sol conflictuels, dans les secondes, de tempérer les phénomènes d'appropriation de type colonial, et dans les troisièmes, d'organiser les coexistences de fonctions complémentaires.

Suggested Citation

  • M.-E. Chassague, 1977. "Aspects fonciers de l'aménagement de l'espace rural," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 117(1), pages 35-47.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2469
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1977.2469
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1977.2469
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