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Dévitalisation d'un pays : données quantitatives, une méthode et un exemple

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  • J.-M. Roux

Abstract

[eng] The Devitalization of a Region : Quantitative Data, a Method and an Example -This article first makes a distinction amongst regions that are mainly ,rural between «rurban» areas -and «deep» rural areas. An attempt is made to evaluate the coherence, the living particularities and the future of «deep» but not totally deserted rural areas, in other words of 50 % of France. In order to do this,, the winter begins with the historical region. A network of statistical indicators concerning social, economic and cultural problems is assembled, some of them worked out and collected specially for this study. These indicators are used in a method of automatic cartography and comparison. From the example chosen, which seems fairly generalisable, the survey brings to light the relative economic unity of the small region,, and a deterioration of amenities and of non-agricultural services and activities that is less serious than is often feared. But the fact that the modernization of farming inevitably leads to fewer rural inhabitants and the devitalization of the countryside, to a decline in the population, the subordination of the region to the central authority and the break up of local culture, do not encourage one to be optimistic with with regard to the future. [fre] Parmi les zones à dominante rurale, une première distinction peut être faite entre régions « rurbaines » et régions « profondes ». Pour estimer la cohérence, les particularismes vivants, l'avenir des régions rurales profondes mais non désertifiées (soit au moins 50 % du territoire français), on part du pays historique. Un faisceau d'indicateurs statistiques est rassemblé sur les problèmes sociaux, économiques et culturels ; certains de ces indicateurs sont élaborés et collectés pour la circonstance. Pour les traiter, on utilise une méthode de cartographie et de croisement automatiques. Sur l'exemple choisi, qui paraît assez généralisable, l'enquête met en évidence une relative unité économique de la petite région, une dégradation moins grave qu'on aurait pu le craindre des équipements, des services et des activités non agricoles. Mais le caractère entraînant de l'agriculture, dont la modernisation passe par l'exode et la dévitalisation rurale, la démographie en voie d'effondrement, la subordination du pays aux pouvoirs centralisés, la désagrégation de la culture et des messages locaux, rendent assez pessimistes pour l'avenir.

Suggested Citation

  • J.-M. Roux, 1977. "Dévitalisation d'un pays : données quantitatives, une méthode et un exemple," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 117(1), pages 17-27.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2467
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1977.2467
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1977.2467
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