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Les conditions de la concurrence internationale entre soja, arachide et colza

Author

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  • J.-P. Berlan
  • J.-P. Bertrand
  • L. Lebas
  • M. Marlone

Abstract

[fre] Arachide, colza et soja sont des produits comparables du point de vue alimentaire. Ce sont des oléoprotéa- gineux, dont la composition en huile et protéines varie. Leurs utilisations, la localisation de leurs productions, sont fonction, à un moment donné, des rapports, des flux d'échanges entre pays, et des politiques protectionnistes ou libre- échangistes des Etats. . Ainsi la politique coloniale des pays européens localise la production oléagineuse (arachide, colza et soja) en Asie (Inde, Chine) et en Afrique (Sénégal, Nigeria). Sous couleur libre-échangiste, cette politique compartimente les flux d'échanges en zones d'influences où les vieux pays industriels contrôlent les sources d'approvisionnement en matières premières. . A de telles politiques répondent les politiques protectionnistes des « Jeunes pays ». Les USA dès 1930 développent la production de soja sur la base de protections douanières et d'un soutien direct à la production. . Le démantèlement des relations coloniales après-guerre favorise le soja américain qui domine les échanges oléoprotéagineux, alors que de nouvelles protections en Europe tentent de soutenir des productions nationales (colza en France et en Allemagne). Mais la bataille est inégale. Le soja est, aux USA, une des bases matérielles des firmes multinationales dont la stratégie repose en partie sur le protectionnisme européen. Le colza européen part battu, car les agents économiques nationaux (firmes françaises) sont incapables d'en faire la base d'un modèle alimentaire (huile et protéines) alternatif. . La concurrence (après 1967) entre arachide et soja confronte des conditions de production totalement differences. L'arachide n'est pas au même titre que le soja le fruit d'une agriculture très intégrée au processus de production industriel. [eng] The Conditions of International Competition between Ground-nuts, Soya beans and Colza - Ground nuts, colza and soya beans are comparable p-oducts as foodstuffs. They all contain oil and proteins in varying quantities. Their use and the regions where they are produced depend at any given time on the relations and exchanges between nations and on the protectionist or free-trade policies of states. . Thus the colonial policy of European countired situated table-oil production (ground nuts, colza and soya) in Asia (India, China) and in Africa (Senegal, Nigeria). Under an appearance of free-trade this poHcy fixed the trade flow in zones of influence where the old industrial countries controlled the supply of raw materials. . The protectionist policy of the « Young Countries » are an answer to these policies. In 1930 already the USA developped the production of soya beans with tariff-protection and idirect aid for production. . The break up of the colonial system after the war benefited American soya which dominated oil-protein exchanges while new forms of protection in Europe were an attempt to aid national production (colza in France and Germany). But the struggle is unequal. Soya in the US is one of the bases of multinational firms whose strategy depends partly on European protectionism. European colza cannot win because the national economic agents (French firms) are not able to make it the basis of an alternative food pattern (oil and proteins). . The competition (after 1967) between ground nuts and soya concerns totally different production conditions. Ground nuts are not (unlike colza) the xesult of a form of agriculture integrated in the industrial production process.

Suggested Citation

  • J.-P. Berlan & J.-P. Bertrand & L. Lebas & M. Marlone, 1976. "Les conditions de la concurrence internationale entre soja, arachide et colza," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 116(1), pages 10-22.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2450
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1976.2450
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1976.2450
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J.-P. Berlan & J.-P. Bertrand & L. Lebas, 1976. "Éléments sur le développement du « complexe soja » américain dans le monde," Revue Tiers Monde, Programme National Persée, vol. 17(66), pages 307-330.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nelly Jazra, 1985. "L'impact du soja sur le marché des oléagineux : le cas portugais," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 170(1), pages 21-30.

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