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Les points chauds des négociations multilatérales du GATT

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  • Michel-Jean Jacquot

Abstract

[eng] The Main Issues of the GATT Negotiations - Bodies competing with GATT where the problems of the production and exchange of agricultural produce are debated are increasing in number, making negotiations even more difficult. . The conflict between the USA and the EEC is of vital importance for the Geneva negotiations. The USA's attacks on the EEC's exports and their restitutions are not new, but since the recent monetary and economic events they have become clearer : the American market if it is saturated can be closed to subsidized exports and they are threatened in third-party countries where they compete with American exports. The American authorities consider wheat and soya as «r strategic weapons » capable of impressing raw-material-producing countries (in particular oil-producing countries). . The EEC, on the other hand, above all France, hopes to reduce the balance of payments deficit, increased by the energy crisis, and wishes to increase its agricultural exports. This leads to conflict between France and the USA. The other 80 countries taking part in the negotiations share on or other of these views. The developing countries, moreover, are trying to have their particular interests recognized. . If a common agricultural policy is to continue, Europe must choose one negotiating body and speak with one voice. Any parallel negotiations carried on by one of the member countries would play into America's hands. [fre] Les enceintes « concurrentes » du GATT où sont débattus les problèmes de la production et du commerce des produits agricoles se sont multipliées, et les négociations n'en sont que plus malaisées... . Le conflit qui oppose les Etats-Unis à la Communauté est déterminant pour les négociations de Genève. Les attaques lancées par les USA contre les exportations de la CEE bénéficiant de restitutions, ne sont pas nouvelles. Mais depuis les derniers événements monétaires et économiques, elles se concrétisent : les exportations subventionnées peuvent être exclues du marché américain, si celui-ci est saturé ; elles sont menacées dans les pays tiers où elles entrent en concurrence avec les exportations des USA. En effet, les autorités américaines considèrent le blé et le soja comme des « armes stratégiques », propre à impressionner les pays producteurs de matières premières (en particulier de pétrole). . Au contraire, la Communauté - surtout la France - entend atténuer le déficit de sa balance des paiements, accentué par la crise de l'énergie, et elle souhaite accroître ses exportations agricoles. Il en résulte une vive opposition entre la France et les Etats-Unis. . Les 80 autres pays qui participent aux négociations s'accrochent plus ou moins par leur position à l'un ou l'autre des protagonistes ; les pays en voie de développement cherchent en outre à faire reconnaître leurs intérêts particuliers. . Pour que la politique agricole commune subsiste, il est souhaitable que l'Europe fasse le choix net et précis d'une seule enceinte de dialogue, et qu'elle y parle d'une seule voix : toute négociation parallèle d'un partenaire communautaire ferait le jeu de 1' « ogre » américain.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel-Jean Jacquot, 1976. "Les points chauds des négociations multilatérales du GATT," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 115(1), pages 57-61.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2443
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1976.2443
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1976.2443
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