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Agriculture et développement socialiste

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  • Marie Lavigne

Abstract

[fre] Quelle est la voie socialiste de développement de l'agriculture ? Quel rôle joue l'agriculture dans le développement économique général ? Les réponses à ces deux questions sont aujourd'hui nuancées et diverses selon les pays socialistes. Cette variété peut s'apprécier à quatre points de vue : 1) les formes institutionnelles (le choix n'est plus entre fermes d'Etat et coopératives ; les types d'exploitations se combinent, s'associent ; le plus nouveau, le combinat agro-industriel, ne peut pas s'analyser simplement par référence à une forme de propriété) ; 2) les modes de planification et gestion : l'exécution du plan est stimulée par des mécanismes d'incitation tel le profit ; on doit dans cette perspective réexaminer le problème des subventions et plus généralement des transferts entre Etat et agriculture ; 3) la condition du travailleur agricole : comment s'apprécie aujourd'hui l'exode rural, que signifie le rapprochement entre ville et campagne ; 4) le rôle de l'agriculture dans les échanges extérieurs des pays socialistes ; peut-être faut-il réviser le mythe d'une agriculture socialiste vouée définitivement à la dépendance par rapport aux approvisionnements extérieurs. [eng] Farming and Socialist Development - What is the socialist form of agricultural development ? What part does farming play in general economic development ? At present the answers to these two questions are not simple and vary according to the country in question. This variety can be seen in four aspects of the question : 1) Institutions (the choice is no longer between State farms and cooperatives ; different types of farms are combined and associated ; the newest form, the agro- industrial combinat, cannot be analysed simply with reference to one form of ownership). 2) Planning and management methods. The carrying out of the plan is encouraged by types of motivation such as profit. From this point of view, the problem of subsidies and more generally the transfer of funds from the State to farming must be reexamined. 3) The position of the farm worker : how can rural depopulation be measured today ? What is the significance of closer links between town and country ? 4) The role of farming in socialist countries foreign trade : perhaps the myth of socialist farming eternally dependent on importations should be revised.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Lavigne, 1976. "Agriculture et développement socialiste," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 112(1), pages 3-6.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2404
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1976.2404
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1976.2404
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