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Les relations agriculture-écologie : une remodélisation des évolutions en Lozère

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  • F. Bel

Abstract

[eng] Relations between Agriculture and Ecology in Lozère - Many attempts are at present being made to define the relationship between the development of economic activity and ecological evolution. Our approach is based on a comparison between the development of agriculture and of the ecosystems it creates or comes into contact with, for farming is an activity which has a particularly obvious and «r reliberate » effect on ecological cycles. The development of farming techniques in the present social framework leads to a modification of the way in which farming organises ecosystems. Two very clear aspects of this state of affairs are, for example, the intensification of farming in suburban areas and its gradual disappearance in areas where farming is difficult, especially hill-farming. Our research concerns this last category in Lozère. Our method consists in considering the development of farming in Lozère compared with its development in France in general. After considering the decline in the number of farms and the modification in their structure, their relations with ecology are studied especially with regard to the surface they occupy. Consequently the conflict ecology-economy is seen in this study as a concrete phenomenon, including both the logic of the reproduction of ecosystems and that of the decline of farming. In order to give as clear a context as possible to this confrontation we have used a model in which some variables are influenced mainly by economic development and others by the logic of ecological development. The building of a model enables several different agricultural policies to be simulated, modifying the rate or direction of the development of French farming. [fre] La recherche de l'articulation entre évolution de l'activité économique et évolution écologique donne lieu actuellement à de nombreuses tentatives. L'approche retenue ici est centrée sur la mise en regard de l'évolution de i'agriculture et des éco-systèmes qu'elle organise ou côtoie. L'agriculture en effet est une activité où l'intervention sur les cycles écologiques est particulièrement évidente, et « délibérée ». . L'évolution des techniques agricoles dans le cadre social actuel conduit à modifier 'la manière dont l'agriculture organise les éco-systèmes ; deux aspects très nets de cet état de fait sont par exemple l'intensification dans les zones périurbaines et le désengagement progressif dans les zones dites d' « agriculture difficile », notamment en montagne. La recherche (1) relatée ici concerne précisément cette dernière catégorie et porte sur la Lozère. . La méthode consiste à considérer l'évolution de l'agriculture en Lozère en référence à l'évolution de l'agriculture française dans son ensemble : partant de la régression du nombre d'exploitations et de la modification de leurs caractéristiques de structure, on aborde, par le biais de l'ampleur de l'espace qu'elles gèrent, la relation avec l'écologie. . Dès lors l'interface écologie-économie, dans ce travail, se présente comme un 'lien concret où se mêlent la logique de reproduction des éco-systèmes et celle de la régression de l'agriculture. . Afin de donner un cadre aussi clair que possible à cette confrontation, on a présenté un modèle dans lequel certaines variables sont mues principalement par l'évolution économique et d'autres par la logique d'évolution écologique. Cette modélisation permet de simuler diverses politiques agricoles qui modifieraient le rythme ou le sens de l'évolution de l'agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • F. Bel, 1975. "Les relations agriculture-écologie : une remodélisation des évolutions en Lozère," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 110(1), pages 16-28.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_110_1_2385
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1975.2385
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1975.2385
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