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Le rôle des prix agricoles dans l'évolution des prix de détail

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  • Ph. Masson

Abstract

[eng] Part played by farm prices in the rise of retail prices - This article examines the role of farm prices in the development of retail prices. . As the link between the two is foodstuffs, we outline the analyses already carried out showing that food prices had a certain responsibility for the use in retail prices during the inflationary periods 1954-1958, 1961-1963, 1969-1973. . In order to analyse the link between farm prices and food prices we shall determine the margin due to processing, marketing and taxation between the basic farm product and the foodstuff. . The global margin on farm produce as a whole is 50 % increasing slightly over a long period. Over a period of 5 to 10 years the rate of margin on many farm products - wine, milk, meat, grain crops - remains practically the same. . The rate of increase in basic prices is entirely passed on to the consumer. Once the margins were known, we were able to determine what proportion of retail price increases was due to farm prices at production level. This proportion increased during the inflationary period 1970-1972. The situation varies according to the product: wheat and sugar beet have little influence on price increases. It is mainly meat and milk that are important. Farm price maintenance is therefore not a cause of inflation for wheat and sugar, but it is for milk. This process is linked to that of structural inflation. Meat is responsible for price increases because of an imbalance between supply and demand. [fre] Cet article analyse le rôle des prix agricoles à la production dans l'évolution des prix de détail. . Cette liaison s'effectuant par les produits alimentaires, nous rappelons les analyses déjà effectuées qui montrent une certaine responsabilité des prix alimentaires dans l'augmentation des prix de détail pendant les périodes inflationnistes 1957- 1958, 1961-1963, 1969-1973. . Pour examiner la liaison entre les prix agricoles et les prix alimentaires nous déterminerons les marges de transformation, de commercialisation et la taxation qui séparent le produit agricole de base du produit alimentaire. . Le taux de marge global sur l'ensemble des produits alimentaires est de l'ordre de 50 %, en lente augmentation sur longue période. . Ceci se traduit par une quasi-constance du taux de marge sur une période de 5 à 10 ans, constatée sur de nombreux produits alimentaires, vins, lait de consommation, viandes, produits à base de céréales. . Cette constance du taux de marge implique un processus multiplicatif dans la transmission des prix agricoles aux prix alimentaires. Les taux d'augmentation des prix de base sont intégralement répercutés. . Connaissant lés marges nous avons pu déterminer la part de la croissance des prix de détail imputable aux différents prix agricoles à la production. Cette part s'est accrue dans la période inflationniste de 1970-1972. La situation est variable selon les produits : blé et betterave à sucre ont une incidence minime dans la hausse des prix. Ce sont essentiellement la viande et le lait qui jouent un rôle important. . Le soutien des prix agricoles n'est donc pas inflationniste dans le cas du blé et du sucre, il l'est pour le lait. Ce mécanisme se rattache au processus de l'inflation structurelle. . La responsabilité du prix de la viande dans la hausse des prix provient par contre d'un déséquilibre entre la demande et la production.

Suggested Citation

  • Ph. Masson, 1975. "Le rôle des prix agricoles dans l'évolution des prix de détail," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 109(1), pages 3-15.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_109_1_2378
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1975.2378
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1975.2378
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