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La décision dans le village : l'exemple du remembrement

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  • A. Barthes

Abstract

[fre] Comment se prennent les décisions dans un village ? A partir de quelles références et dans quel système de rapports sociaux ? Etant donné la complexité d'une telle analyse, ce sont des situations de crise qui sont le plus souvent retenues comme objet d'étude ; en effet, « l'accident » en accentuant l'expression des relations, permet d'identifier plus aisément quelques éléments du fonctionnement social. . Le remembrement, par les différentes opérations qu'il implique, apparaît souvent comme une provocation dans le village et une remise en cause des rapports sociaux existants. En effet, il implique des opérations de simplification et de regroupement parcellaire avec, notamment, échange de parcelles entre agriculteurs et transformation du réseau de voiries. . A la conception de la terre comme moyen de production, les agriculteurs opposent d'autres significations qui incluent la terre comme indicateur de statut social, support d'un passé de lutte pour l'accès à la propriété foncière, expression d'une qualification professionnelle de l'exploitant. Ainsi, la terre, réduite à sa capacité de produire, rend les propriétés permutables mais non sans provoquer la résistance des agriculteurs car une telle opération suppose pour eux la possibilité d'échanger les expériences humaines, les statuts sociaux. . Dans une commune de la Vallée du Rhône, nous avons étudié comment la décision de remembrement s'est inscrite dans les rapports sociaux déjà existants : comment les divers groupes en présence, notamment le Conseil Municipal et le Syndicat Agricole, ont réinterprété une telle opération en termes de rapports de pouvoir dans la commune. . Enfin, une opération de remembrement, si elle s'inscrit dans le jeu des rivalités villageoises déjà existantes, est également modification des rapports sociaux. Dans le cas étudié, le pouvoir dans le village, jusque là fondé sur l'ascendance et le niveau de fortune, a évolué peu à peu vers la compétence technique, nouvel indicateur du prestige social. [eng] Decision-making in the village - the example of land-regrouping - How are decisions made in a village ? With reference to what ? and in what system of social relationships ? In view of the complexity of such an analysis it is often critical situations that are studied. Such « accidents » underline relationships and enable some aspects of the way society functions to be more easily identified. . The regrouping of land, because of the different operations it involves the grouping of plots together with the exchange of plots and a modification of the road network. . Instead of seeing land as a means of production, the farmers attach other forms of significance to it, which includes land as a factor of social status, the basis of the struggle for land tenure, the expression of their professional siatus as farmers. Thus land seen merely as a means of production, makes farm exchanges possible, but not without giving rise to resistance on the part of the farmers, for, for them, such an operation assumes they are able to exchange their experiences and social status. . In a « commune » in the Rhone valley we have studied the way in which the land regrouping decision fitted into the existing social relationships, how the various groups, in particular the Council, and the Farmers' Union, reinterpreted it in terms of the balance of power in the « commune ». . Finally, if such an operation fits into the existing pattern of viUage rivalries, it also modifies social relationships. In the case we studied power in the village, until then based on birth and wealth, gradually passed into the hands of those with technical competence - a new sign of social prestige.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Barthes, 1975. "La décision dans le village : l'exemple du remembrement," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 106(1), pages 23-30.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2357
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1975.2357
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1975.2357
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