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Réflexions sur la recherche et le développement

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  • J. Cochard

Abstract

[eng] Thoughts on research and development - The writer's point of view is that of a stockbreeder taking advantage of « Development » as it exists at present, and he lists a series of personal observations. . He notes the apparent failure of « development » if one considers the percentage of its participants. In part he attributes this to French farmers' reluctance to belong to any organisation. The position of the Farmers, who in the end control development, is ambiguous. Development is by its very nature progressive ; farmers are on the whole conservative. . But the recent technical and economic progress of French farming is obvious (except for stockb reeding) but for the most part it is transmitted by other channels than the official development services. The latter have an unweildy, centralised framework and take up time and money ; they are fraught with professional rivalries that neutralise them. The writer challenges the principle itself : he thinks it is too ambitious to try to set up as-yet-non-existant farm policy, to planify and build models of French agriculture, where men and areas vary considerably. . Planning and model-building seem to him in contradiction with encouraging individuals to assume their responsibilities. Moreover, however imperfect it may be, the sum total of personal decisions made by men both trained and untrained would, on the whole, be more efficient and less expensive than the Plan. . Regarding technical institutes — two ambiguities are pointed out : they consider themselves scientific but are the tools of a one-sided professional policy ; they should first and foremost « apply » results but very often they encroach on the field of research. . There is also ambiguity in development as regards the economic bodies : though often efficient this form of development does not necessarily coincide with the interests of the farmer. [fre] L'auteur se place comme éleveur usager du développement tel qu'il existe actuellement, et énumère très librement une série d'observations personnelles. . Il constate l'apparent échec du « Développement » si l'on considère le pourcentage de ses usagers actifs. Il l'attribue, pour partie, à la résistance à l'embrigadement des agriculteurs français. La situation de la profession, maîtresse du développement, est ambiguë : le développement est par nature progrès ; la profession est dans son ensemble conservatrice. . Cependant le progrès technique et économique récent de l'agriculture française est évident (sauf en élevage), il passe en grande partie par d'autres canaux que ceux du Développement officiel. Celui-ci est un appareil lourd, centralisé, consommateur de temps et d'argent ; il est le siège de rivalités professionnelles qui le stérilisent. L'auteur conteste son principe même. Il juge trop ambitieux de mettre en œuvre une politique agricole . qui n'existe pas, de planifier et modéliser l'agriculture française, diverse dans ses hommes et son espace, fluide dans le temps. . La planification et la modélisation lui paraissent contradictoires avec la formation des hommes à l'exercice de leur responsabilité. En outre, tout imparfaite qu'elle soit, la somme des décisions personnelles d'hommes qui seraient formés et informés, serait globalement plus efficace et moins coûteuse que le Plan. . Deux ambiguïtés sont signalées à propos des Instituts techniques. Ils se veulent scientifiques, mais sont les instruments d'une politique professionnelle sectorielle ; ils devraient essentiellement « appliquer », mais font souvent double emploi avec la Recherche. . Ambiguïté aussi du développement par des organismes économiques : souvent efficace, il ne coïncide pas nécessairement avec les intérêts des agriculteurs.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Cochard, 1974. "Réflexions sur la recherche et le développement," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 99(1), pages 15-21.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2270
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1974.2270
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1974.2270
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