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Application de la TVA en agriculture et comportement de quelques exploitants agricoles

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  • Régis Legrand

Abstract

[fre] L'extension de la TVA à l'Agriculture en 1968 donne aux agriculteurs la possibilité de choisir entre deux nouveaux régimes d'imposition de leur chiffre d'affaires ; le remboursement forfaitaire et l'assujettissement à la TVA. Jusqu'au 1er Janvier 1972 ceux qui n'exerçaient pas une option pour l'un de ces régimes, restèrent à celui de la « baisse sur le matériel agricole ». . Ces régimes d'imposition sont simplifiés par rapport au régime général ; néanmoins, le régime de la TVA agricole est passablement complexe au niveau des règles relatives aux droits à déduction et des obligations propres à ceux qui exercent une activité portant sur les animaux. . Une enquête réalisée en août 1971 auprès d'une centaine d'exploitants de la région du Val de Loire vise à analyser le comportement au regard de la TVA d'exploitants assujettis à la TVA, au remboursement forfaitaire, et restés à la ristourne. Dans un souci d'homogénéité de l'échantillon, seules quatre orientations technico-économiques ont été retenues : arboriculteurs de 5 à 10 Ha, maraîchers de moins de 5 Ha, polyculteurs éleveurs de 20 à 50 Ha et de 50 à 100 Ha, céréaliculteurs de 20 à 50 Ha et de 50 à 100 Ha. . Un traitement de l'information recueillie, par la méthode de l'analyse factorielle des correspondances a permis de mettre en évidence certains comportements propres au régime fiscal (assujettissement, remboursement forfaitaire, ristourne). La formation personnelle de l'exploitant, la nature de son information, son engagement dans les organisations professionnelles agricoles, le système de commercialisation, sont apparus comme des facteurs discriminants. Dans certains cas, il a été possible de déterminer un ensemble d'éléments communs aux exploitants d'une orientation technico-économique semblable. Par exemple, le système de commercialisation pour les maraîchers et les arboriculteurs ou, l'engagement à l'investissement pour les polyculteurs-éleveurs. . L'introduction de la TVA à l'agriculture a souvent été perçue comme une initiative de l'Administration fiscale pour asseoir un contrôle plus efficace des productions et des revenus. Le soulagement fiscal pour lequel elle a été créée ne semble être perçu que par une petite minorité. Si un changment de mentalité est indispensable, il ne semble pas que la TVA en soit un facteur sinon déterminant, du moins important. [eng] The application of VAT to Agriculture and the behaviour of soms farmers - The extension of VAT to agriculture in 1968 gives farmers the possibility of choosing between two new methods of taxing their turn-over ; either being repaid a forfeitary sum or VAT. Until Jan. 1 1972 those who did not opt for one of these two forms of taxation continued to benefit from the reduction on agricultural machinery. . These forms of taxation are simplified in comparison with the form generally applied; nevertheless, agricultural VAT is a fairly complicated system when it comes to the rules covering the deductions and obligations of those whose activity concerns livestock. . A survey carried out in August 1971 amongst a hundred or so farmers in the Loire Valley area was intended to analyses the attitudes towards VAT of farmers who have chosen VAT, of those being repaid a forfeitary sum and those who still opt for the discount system. . In order to obtain a homogeneous cross-section only few technico-economic categories were retained : fruit-growers with between 5 and 10 hectares, market- gardeners with less than 5 hectares, those going in for mixed farming and stokraising with between 20 and 50 hectares, and 50 and 100 hectares, cereal-growers with between 20 and 50 hectares, and 50 and 100 hectares. . The factor analysis of the data collected enabled certain attitudes corresponding to the various tax systems to be pinpointed. The farmer's training and education, his sources of information, his belonging to agricultural organisations, his marketing system appeared to be the deciding factors. In some cases it was possible to pick out a group of elements common to the farmers in one technico economic category. In example, the marketing system for the market-gardeners and the fruit-growers, or the tendency to invest for those engaged in mixed-farming and stock-breeding. . The application of VAT to agriculture was often seen as an initiative on the part of the tax authorities to gain firmer control of production and incomes. Only a small minority seems to be aware of the decrease in taxation for which it was created. If a change of attitude is indispensable, it does not seem that VAT is either a determining nor important factor of this change.

Suggested Citation

  • Régis Legrand, 1973. "Application de la TVA en agriculture et comportement de quelques exploitants agricoles," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 97(1), pages 103-127.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_97_1_2230
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1973.2230
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1973.2230
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