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Problèmes de l'augmentation de la production agricole en Inde

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  • Théodore Bergmann

Abstract

[eng] The feeding of India poses urgent problems. The agricultural production often increases only slowly, its great reserves are exploited only superficially. After centuries of exhaustion, Indian agriculture is suffering from a semous lack, of energy and capital. The increase in the number of men engaged in agriculture has harmed the land structures and lowed its economic contribution. . After having brieftly described the present situation, the writer examines the supply of fertilizes and machinery. According to the writer, the tractor occupies a key position. As the large scale importation of tractors is impossible, an increase in the national prosuctin of tractors is impossible, an increase in the national production is indispensible. However, even if this production receives the priority required by the plan, the complete modernization of agriculture will take several decades. . Because of the special land-structure in India, only a small fractioon of the farms will be able to have their own tractors. Therefore, a system of collective use of tractors must be set up. . Land-Structure and production technique condition and influence each other. New means of production will become fully effective only after serious land reform. But the latter would be doomed to failure if work continued folloving the old methods, and with the old tools. [fre] L'alimentation de l'Inde pose des problèmes urgents. La production agricole n'augmente que lentement, de grandes réserves ne sont exploitées que superficiellement. Après des siècles d'épuisement, l'agriculture indienne souffre d'une grave pénurie d'énergie et de capitaux. L'afflux d'hommes dans l'agriculture a détérioré la structure agraire et diminué sa contribution économique. . Ayant brièvement décrit la situation contemporaine, l'auteur examine l'approvisionnement en engrais et en machines. Le tracteur, selon lui, occupe une position clef. De larges importations de tracteurs étant exclues, un accroissement de la production nationale est indispensable. Cependant, même si cette production reçoit la priorité demandée par le plan, la modernisation complète de l'agriculture prendra des dizaines d'années. . A cause de la structure agraire particulière de l'Inde, seule une petite fraction des exploitations pourrait disposer d'un tracteur individuel. Il faut donc instaurer un usage collectif du tracteur. . Structure agraire et technique de production se conditionnent et s'influencent mutuellement. Les nouveaux moyens de production ne peuvent donner leur plein effet qu'après une réforme agraire profonde, elle-même condamnée à l'échec, si le travail continuait selon les anciennes méthodes et avec les vieux outils.

Suggested Citation

  • Théodore Bergmann, 1968. "Problèmes de l'augmentation de la production agricole en Inde," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 77(1), pages 79-90.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2018
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1968.2018
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1968.2018
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