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Vue prospective sur la répartition du territoire agricole français en 1975

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  • Jean Dumard

Abstract

[fre] L'évolution des conditions économiques, la mise en place d'une politique agricole commune et une description imparfaite du passé, rendent périlleuse la projection à long terme de production agricole. . Limiter ce travail à la seule répartition du territoire entre les différentes cultures peut paraître assez arbitraire puisque les transformations production végétale-production animale prennent une part de plus en plus prépondérante. Malgré la rigidité des assolements à partir d'une certaine production végétale, l'agriculteur a une possibilité technique de variations importantes dans le choix de ses spéculations animales. . L'évolution à long terme (ici 1975) de l'utilisation du territoire, faute de lois d'offre et de disponibilité d'en établir, ne peut être dessinée qu'en analysant les tendances ; la méthode est peu satisfaisante car elle repose sur des bases logiques douteuses. . L'impression générale qui se dégage de ce travail imparfait est une impression de stabilité. Une très grande inertie apparaît et rien ne permet de supposer qu'elle soit en passe de disparaître. Cette inertie est liée à la fois aux contraintes agronomiques et à la structure des exploitations. . Une projection cohérente ne peut se réaliser d'un seul trait et seulement pour les productions végétales. Des projections distinctes étant réalisées pour les productions animales, des tests de cohérence successifs peuvent s'appliquer : bilan fourrager, commerce extérieur, revenu des agriculteurs. . L'utilisation de ces tests implique la nécessité d'itérations et de corrections progressives qui nous ont conduits à cette notion de rigidité des tendances. . Plusieurs tentatives de projection au même terme ont été réalisées pour la France. Les résultats divergent les uns des autres lorsque l'on considère des postes élémentaires, mais à un niveau suffisant d'agrégation la concordance est assez bonne. . Dans certains cas l'analyse des chroniques du passé fait appel à la loi logistique ou exponentielle amortie, dont la signification dans ces domaines demande un surcroit de réflexion théorique. [eng] The transformation oj general economic conditions, the uncertainties of the Common Market and its joint agricultural policy, and the inadequacy of the descriptions of the past combine to turn any longterm projection of farm production into a very risky exercise. . It may seem rather arbitrary to limit this work to forescasts concerning land utilization and crop production alone, now that the processing of plant production into animal products is taking a leading part. Crop rotations bring an important element of rigidity into crop production while there is the technical possi~ bility of a wide choice in animal production. . For lack valid \nowledge of the laws of supply, the longterm evolution (here 1975) of land use can only be outlined by analysting trends; this method is not very satisfactory since its logical bases are weak- . The general impression of this imperfect work is one of stability. A great inertia appears and nothing makes us suppose that it is disappearing. This inertia is related to both agricultural and economic constraints and to farm structures. A coherent projection can not be realised at once and only for plant production. As separate projections are drawn up for animal productions, successive consistancy checks can be applied: fodder balance sheet, foreign trade, income oj farmers. . The use o/ these checks implies necessarily progressive repetitions and rectifications which have lead us to the notion of rigidity of the trends. . Several projection attempts have been carried out for France. The results differ when a single product is considered, but on an aggregate level the consistancy is quite good. . In some cases, logistic growth curves or expotential functions are applied to the analysis of time series. More theoretical reflexion would be needed in order to give greater justification to this technique.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Dumard, 1965. "Vue prospective sur la répartition du territoire agricole français en 1975," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 65(1), pages 25-36.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1899
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1965.1899
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1965.1899
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