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Les sociétés rurales françaises : inventaire typologique et étude des changements sociaux

Author

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  • Henri Mendras
  • Marcel Jollivet

Abstract

[fre] De multiples études de géographie et d'histoire agraires, de géographie électorale, économique ou religieuse ont fait apparaître les diversités régionales des campagnes françaises. Cette diversité rend infructueuse toute analyse sociologique à un niveau national ; en particulier les études de changement social n'ont de sens que rapportées à chacune des sociétés rurales prises dans leurs particularités. Aussi est-il indispensable de dresser une typologie de ces sociétés. De multiples statistiques existantes permettent d'abord de dresser un Atlas sociologique de la France rurale, qui peut servir de base à une première esquisse typologique de régions. Par ailleurs des monographies comparatives doivent être prévues pour reconstituer dans un cadre délimité l'ensemble d'une société rurale déjà esquissée dans l'Atlas, en donner une vision globale et permettre de saisir son fonctionnement. Ceci pose le problème de définir ce qu'on entend par société rurale et d'élaborer des instruments d'analyse monographique correspondants aux exigences de cette recherche. A la première question, une réponse d'ordre pratique est donnée : le canton sera le cadre géographique de la monographie. Enfin une brève présentation des instruments d'analyse monographique est faite. [eng] Numerous studies of rural geography, rural history, electoral, economic and religious geography have revealed the regional diversities of the French rural areas. This diversity makes every nation-wide sociological analysis fruitless; especially studies of social changes must, to make sense, have reference to a particular society with its own caracteristics. It is therefore essential to make out a typology of these societies. The numerous statistics that exist made it possible to set up a Sociological Map of Rural France, which can be used as a basis for a preliminary typological sketch of the areas. Furthermore, comparative 'monographs should be provided in order to reconstruct within defined limits the rural society which is already drawn up on the Map, to give a comprehensive view and to enable us to grasp its mecanisms. The problem which arises here is to define what is meant by a rural society and to elaborate instruments for the monographic analysis which meet the needs of this research. A practical answer is given to the first question: the « canton » (subdivision of a French arrondissement) will be the geographical limit of the monograph. Finaly a short presentation of the instruments for the monograph analysis is given.

Suggested Citation

  • Henri Mendras & Marcel Jollivet, 1965. "Les sociétés rurales françaises : inventaire typologique et étude des changements sociaux," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 64(1), pages 9-18.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1887
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1965.1887
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1965.1887
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