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Bilan provisoire de dix mois de crise du marché de la volaille en France

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  • J.-B. Bonastre

Abstract

[eng] After a prosperous period, broiler production has passed through several crises (1957, 1961 , 1963, 1964). The latest one was particulary serious. Wholesale prices were subject to important daily fluctuations and ojten stayed below production costs. . Some authors think that this crisis is durable and linked with the technical nature of this production which can expand easily. Others believe that the main factor is market structure and size of firms : the transmittal of market information to the breeders is not satisfactory ; leading firms do not cut down their production when market conditions become unfavorable. The lac\ of concentration leads to important, production and manufacturing costs, all the more as production areas are far from consumption areas. This is important for certain areas since, as a result of the Common Market regulations, subsidies to cover part of the transport costs for exported poultry were abolished. . Concentration has not been realized through « voluntary » agreements between firms, but large concerns with important financial reserves are obtaining control over firms with financial difficulties and thus concentration is developing. . Different solutions have been considered to obtain a better balance between supply and demand. Market information should be improved and should emphasize quality aspects. . A number of other steps to reduce input costs, to reinforce the countervailing power of the breeders and to stabilize supply are recommended. [fre] Après avoir connu une période faste, la production de poulet de chair a subi plusieurs crises (1957- 1961-1963-1964). La dernière a été particulièrement grave. Les cours de gros ont été sujet à de très fortes fluctuations quotidiennes et se sont maintenus souvent en dessous des prix de revient. . Les causes de cette crise sont, pour les unes, permanentes, liées à la nature de cette production et, pour les autres, liées aux structures. . La transmission vers l'amont (éleveurs) des informations du marché n'est pas satisfaisante du fait du comportement asymétrique des centres dominants. Le manque de concentration entraîne des coûts de production-transformation trop importants, d'autant plus que les régions productrices (Ouest) sont éloignées des zones de consommation, ceci à un moment où par suite de l'entrée en vigueur du Marché Commun les aides à l'exportation sont supprimées. . Faute de s'être réalisée par des accords « volontaires » entre firmes, la concentration se fait malgré tout par assujettissement des firmes en difficultés à des complexes à fortes réserves financières. . Des solutions ont été cherchées pour remédier à ces déséquilibres de production. . Une meilleure information du marché devrait souligner la nécessité de soumettre la production à des contraintes plus strictes de qualité. . Un certain nombre d'autres mesures devraient permettre de diminuer les coûts de facteurs, de renforcer le pouvoir compensateur des éleveurs et de stabiliser l'offre.

Suggested Citation

  • J.-B. Bonastre, 1965. "Bilan provisoire de dix mois de crise du marché de la volaille en France," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 63(1), pages 3-15.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1876
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1965.1876
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1965.1876
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