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Le concept de banque centrale

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  • Denise Flouzat Osmont D'Amilly

Abstract

[fre] Le rôle des banques centrales a profondément évolué depuis leur création. À l'origine, il s'agissait le plus souvent d'instituts d'émissions de billets, et d'escompte, en partie au profit de l'État. Le statut même des banques centrales renvoie à la théorie monétaire et au débat entre free banking (position selon laquelle une banque centrale n'est pas nécessaire) et central banking (théorie qui défend un modèle de centralisation). Le second modèle s'est imposé progressivement. Dans un premier temps, cet article revient sur les fonctions de plus en plus lourdes que les banques centrales ont assumé, avant d'accéder à la responsabilité suprême, celle de diriger la politique monétaire. Dans un deuxième temps, l'article analyse les mutations que l'introduction de l'euro peut apporter au concept de banque centrale. [eng] The concept of the central bank. The role of Central Banks has profoundly changed since their creation. At flrst, they were just designed to issue notes, and discount, in part for the benefit of the Government. Central Banks' status divides monetary theory : in the view of free banking, the central Bank is unnecessary. On the contrary, in the central banking view, central banks are absolutely necessary. This article presents how the role of central banks has become more and more important, and why they are currently in charge of monetary policy. This article then deals with the changes that the introduction of the euro can generate.

Suggested Citation

  • Denise Flouzat Osmont D'Amilly, 1999. "Le concept de banque centrale," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 55(5), pages 7-36.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1999_num_55_5_4932
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1999.4932
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1999.4932
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