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Crise(s) asiatique(s) : leçons provisoires et premiers espoirs

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  • Alain Guillouët

Abstract

[eng] Asian crisis : provisory lessons and first hopes . The succession of exchange market crisis that began in Thailand in July 1997 indicated more clearly now the double nature of « the » Asian crisis : classical crisis linked to an external desequilibrium, this crisis is especially explained by deep and structural weaknesses : the real estate overinvestment and the bad management of the banking system. When the markets realised the fragility of external balances and/or the real estate bubble burst, attacks against currencies appeared and bankruptcies were on the increase conducing to chain reactions. In numerous cases, the difficulties were accentuated by the weaknesses of the political system. After an unprecedented effort conduced by the international community and the IMF, the most acute phase of the crisis seems under control and the recovery of some countries is now under consideration. But, prudence must be observed : the perspectives remain uncertain because the crisis can not be considered as finished and because the future depends mainly on the Chinese stability pole. [fre] La série de crises de change commencée en Thaïlande en juillet dernier fait apparaître aujourd’hui plus clairement la double nature de « la » crise asiatique : crise classique liée à un déséquilibre extérieur, elle s’explique surtout par des faiblesses structurelles profondes : surinvestissement immobilier aveugle d’une part et mauvaise gestion du système bancaire. Lorsque les marchés ont pris conscience de la fragilité des comptes extérieurs et/ou la « bulle » immobilière a éclaté, les attaques contre les devises sont apparues et les faillites se sont multipliées, entraînant des réactions en chaîne. Dans de nombreux cas, la faiblesse du système politique a accentué les difficultés ; les pays aux situations les plus fragiles ont connu les chocs les plus brutaux : baisse massive du taux de change et de la bourse, faillites en cascades. Cependant, à l’issu d’un effort sans précédent de la communauté internationale sous l’égide du FMI, la phase la plus aiguë de la crise semble maîtrisée et le redressement de plusieurs pays paraît désormais envisageable. Cependant, la prudence doit demeurer : les perspectives demeurent incertaines d’une part parce que la crise n’a pas fini de produire ses effets dans la région même et d’autre part parce que l’avenir dépend surtout du pôle de stabilité « chinois ».

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Guillouët, 1998. "Crise(s) asiatique(s) : leçons provisoires et premiers espoirs," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(4), pages 195-247.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1998_num_48_4_4591
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1998.4591
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1998.4591
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