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Le système financier chinois

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  • Anne-Élisabeth Ibazizen

Abstract

[fre] Après trente ans d'un système monobancaire, la Chine, à la suite de l'ouverture, lancée par Deng Xio Ping, à la fin des années soixante-dix, ébauche une diversification de sa structure bancaire. Une première série de réformes, établies dans les années quatre-vingt amène la création de quatre banques spécialisées dans différents secteurs de l'économie. Toutefois, continue à peser sur ces dernières le carcan d'un plan de crédit qui oriente leurs financements vers le secteur public. La volonté esquissée, fin 1993, par les instances politiques de mettre en place un nouveau cadre institutionnel, semblait prometteuse. En 1995, une loi sur la Banque centrale laisse à espérer que cette dernière disposera de plus d'indépendance dans la formation et la mise en oeuvre de la politique monétaire. La même année, une loi sur les banques commerciales tend à libérer ces dernières des prêts d'intérêt publique en les confiant à des banques de développement. La réalité est tout autre et les banques commerciales ne sont pas libérées de l'interférence des pouvoirs publics. . Aussi, à côté d'un ensemble bancaire formel (quatre grandes banques commerciales d'État, trois banques de développement, une douzaine de banques commerciales de couverture géographique plus ou moins large) s'est développé — et cela constitue une spécificité chinoise — un ensemble d'institutions financières non bancaires qui, non soumises à une réglementation rigide, ont avec pragmatisme répondu aux besoins d'un secteur non étatique en plein essor (près de 50 % de la production). [eng] The Chinese Financial System. After thirty years of a mono bank system, China, following Deng Xiao Ping's opening up by the end of the 70's, is starting to diversify its banking structure. A first series of reforms ; established in the 80's, has led to the creation of four specialised banks in different sectors of the economy. However, old customs die hard also these banks, are obliged to orientate their financing towards the public sector in accordance with credit plan.. Political authorities, which voiced their will by the end of 1993 about establishing a new institutional framework, seemed promising. In 1995, a law concerning the Central Bank has led to think that the latter will be more independent as regards monetary policy formation and implementation. The same year, an act on commercial banks appeared to free them from policy loans by transferring this activity to development banks. But, reality is far from it and commercial banks are not freed from public authorities interference.. Thus, parallel to a formal banking system (four large commercial State banks, three development banks, a dozen commercial banks with a more or less large geographical coverage), there is — and this is typically Chinese — a number of non banking financial institutions which, not being subject to very tight regulations, have pragmatically answered to the needs of a non governmental booming sector (almost 50 % of total production).

Suggested Citation

  • Anne-Élisabeth Ibazizen, 1997. "Le système financier chinois," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 44(6), pages 187-206.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_44_6_2619
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2619
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2619
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