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Chine : Quel taux de change pour le Yuan ?

Author

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  • Patrick Gay

Abstract

[fre] Alors que la plupart des monnaies d'Asie orientale, considérées comme surévaluées par les marchés, ont été attaquées au cours des derniers mois et ont enregistré des baisses importantes, le Yuan chinois continue de subir des pressions à la hausse. La Banque du Peuple de Chine, la banque centrale chinoise, a été conduite, au cours des dernières semaines, à prendre un certain nombre de mesures pour freiner l'appréciation nominale du Yuan contre le dollar. Cette divergence radicale de situation est-elle appelée à perdurer ? La monnaie chinoise peut-elle continuer à s'apprécier ou rester stable alors que les monnaies de la plupart de ses concurrents sur les marchés extérieurs ont connu des dévaluations de grande ampleur ? . Trois facteurs clé seront déterminants pour fixer l'orientation future de la monnaie chinoise : les exportations, les flux d'investissements étrangers et le dollar de Hong Kong. Si le solde commercial demeure positif et si les investissements directs étrangers continuent d'assurer un excédent de la balance des comptes courants, dans un contexte de stabilité du dollar de Hong Kong, il n'y aura aucune raison pour que le Yuan se déprécie.. Si le dollar de Hong Kong était contraint à modifier sa parité avec le dollar américain, le Yuan entrerait dans une période de fortes incertitudes. La stabilité du Yuan est la ligne directrice pour le moment présent. Mais les risques internes de la situation chinoise (fragilité des banques, conséquences sociales de la restructuration des entreprises publiques) semblent constituer, pour l'instant, des dangers potentiels plus grands pour la monnaie chinoise que l'évolution financière des pays de la zone asiatique. [eng] What will the exchange rate for the Yuan be ? . While most of Eastern Asian currencies, considered to be overvalued by the markets, have been under attack these last couple of months and have been seriously depreciated, the Chinese Yuan is considerably appreciating. During the last couple of weeks, the Bank of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese central bank, has been led to take action to stop nominal Yuan appreciation against the US dollar. Is this radically diverging situation going to last ? Will the Chinese currency go on appreciating or will it remain stable, while most export competitors' currencies have been seriously depreciated ?. Three key factors will be decisive for setting the Chinese currency future trend : exports, foreign investment flows, and Hong Kong dollar. If trade balance is favourable, and if direct foreign investments keep on providing a current account balance surplus, within a context of Hong Kong dollar stability, then there will be no reason for the Yuan to be depreciated.. If Hong Kong dollar were to modify its parity against American dollar, then the Yuan would enter into a very uncertain period.. But, Chinese domestic risks (such as banks' unstable condition, social consequences of public sector restructuration) seem to be, for the time being, much greater threats to the Chinese currency than Asian countries' financial evolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Gay, 1997. "Chine : Quel taux de change pour le Yuan ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 44(6), pages 119-129.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_44_6_2614
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2614
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2614
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