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Perspectives de l'assurance vie

Author

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  • Gérard de la Martinière

Abstract

[eng] Life insurance outlook . This article recalls the extraordinary success of life insurance investments in France and aims at explaining the reasons for this success. Some figures show the progression of this kind of investment : « life insurance »* in 1996 accounted for almost 70 % of French household investment flows against 20 % in 1987, and over 25 % of their financial assets against 10 % ten years before. 45 % of French households today hold a life insurance contract on an individual basis, against a little less than 60 % holders of a « Livret A » savings book. France ranks third at world level for insurance premiums collected (after the United States and Japan) and first at European level. The fiscal reason has not been the only one that contributed to such a success. Life insurance meets investors' security needs : security against declining returns in French distribution pension system, and also against the risk of a longer life span ; a security that one wishes to transfer to one's children through an inter-generation solidarity, and also a security against the dependence risk during « the fourth age ». To conclude with, the Author recalls the future of life insurance, which although uncertain, remains promising. Notwithstanding, he points out some financial risks (i.e. : life interest risk, asset/liability management inadequacy) which sometimes are not enough taken into account by life insurance product managers. . * Life insurance : in the French context means a long-term savings plan. [fre] Cet article rappelle l'extraordinaire succès des placements d'assurance vie en France, et vise à expliquer les raisons de ce succès. Quelques chiffres retracent le développement de ce placement : l'assurance vie a représenté, en 1996, près de 70 % des flux de placements financiers des ménages français contre 20 % en 1987, et plus du quart de leurs actifs financiers contre 10 % dix ans plus tôt ; 45 % des ménages français sont aujourd'hui détenteurs d'un contrat d'assurance vie souscrit à titre individuel, contre un peu moins de 60 %, détenteurs d'un livret A. La France figure ainsi au troisième rang mondial pour les primes collectées (après les États-Unis et le Japon) et au premier rang européen. Le motif fiscal n'a pas été le seul à la source de ce succès. L'assurance vie répond au besoin de sécurité des épargnants : sécurité face à la baisse de rendement des régimes par répartition, mais aussi devant le risque de longévité ; sécurité que l'on veut procurer à sa descendance à travers une solidarité intergénérationnelle, mais aussi face au risque de dépendance lors du quatrième âge. En conclusion, l'avenir de l'assurance vie, certes incertain, demeure prometteur. L'auteur met toutefois en garde contre certains risques financiers (risque viager ; inadéquation de la gestion actif-passif), parfois insuffisamment pris en compte par les gestionnaires de produits d'assurance vie.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard de la Martinière, 1997. "Perspectives de l'assurance vie," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(4), pages 75-87.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_42_4_2354
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2354
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2354
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