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Les conglomérats financiers : Un défi prudentiel

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  • Laurence Schlom

Abstract

[fre] La déréglementation de l'industrie bancaire européenne a favorisé l'émergence de conglomérats financiers. Ces derniers posent un problème prudentiel particulier dans la mesure où ils se composent d'entités dépendant d'autorités de tutelle et de surveillance différentes, problème accru par le fait que les sociétés impliquées peuvent ne pas exercer leurs activités dans le même pays. Nous présenterons les arguments que nous fournit la théorie économique tant pour justifier de tels montages institutionnels que pour en craindre les effets. Puis, nous analyserons plus spécifiquement la vulnérabilité des conglomérats financiers en montrant qu'ils sont porteurs de risques spécifiques (risque de contagion intra-groupe) et que les dispositifs existants pour circonscrire ces risques (« pare-feu ») sont inefficaces en période de stress financier. Ce diagnostic nous amènera à l'analyse des problèmes particuliers posés par la réglementation et la supervision des conglomérats financiers et à quelques propositions. [eng] Financial conglomerates : a prudential challenge. The internationalisation of markets and the deregulation of the European banking industry encouraged the emergence of large financial conglomerates offering a full range of financial services (securities business, banking activities, insurance) and operating cross border in a variety of jurisdictions. Financial conglomerates create a specific prudential problem because a number of regulators from different sectors and different jurisdictions have responsibility for some part of the group. Moreover, many financial conglomerates include entities which are not subject to regulation. We consider in this paper the arguments for and against such combinations. Concerning their safety, financial conglomerates face a specific problem of contagion. Contagion entails the risk that financial difficulties encountered by a conglomerate's individual elements could have and adverse impact on the financial stability of the group as a whole and possibly even on the markets in which the constituents parts operate. The existing protective device seems ineffective. On the basis of this diagnosis, we discuss some issues relating to the regulation and supervision of financial conglomerates. The main areas which focus our attention are the capital adequacy, the need for intensive cooperation between supervisors responsible for different entities within the conglomerate, the necessary exchange of prudential information between them and the question of group structures.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurence Schlom, 1997. "Les conglomérats financiers : Un défi prudentiel," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(1), pages 125-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_39_1_2294
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2294
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2294
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